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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Adrenal Glands
location |
retroperitoneal (behind peritoneum
post abdominal wall |
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Adrenal cortex control
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hormonal - ACTH
ionic - Na blood levels (zona glomerulosa) |
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adrenal medulla innervation
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sympathetic N2 releases epi and norepi
not essential for life |
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sections of the adrenal medulla can turn brown when exposed to chromate
due to epi and norepi |
chromaffin reaction
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large vein or artery in the medulla?
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suprerenal vein
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Adrenal cortex development
Adrenal Medulla developmetn |
cortex - mesoderm of post body wall
medulla - neural crest that migrate into mesoderm of post body wall |
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blood supply to adrenal medulla
arteries |
3 pairs, pierce capsule of gland
superior suprarenal aa - from inf phrenic aa middle suprarenal aa - from aorta inferior suprarenal aa - from renal aa |
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describe blood flow from arteries to veins
in both cortex and medulla |
capsular aa ---> cortical arterioles(cortical cap plexus) --->cortical sinusoids(capillaries of the cortex) --->medullary capillaries (blue blood) ---> medullary vein
note: medullary arterioles supply red blood directly from capsular arteries ---> medullary capillaries |
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blood supply of medulla and hormones
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cortical sinusoids supply it and contain cortical hormones
medullary arterioles supply it and do not contain cortical H secretory activity of medulla stim by cortical H |
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Innervation of medulla
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only sympathetic
preganglionic T8-T11 via splanchnic nn's terminate on chromaffin cells that release epi and norepi |
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Adrenal cortex
zona glomerulosa |
15% of cortex
oviod/pyramidal cells, clustered elongated mito SER and lipid droplets clusters surrounded by caps secretes aldosterone(mineralcorticoid), permeability of collecting tubules |
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describe the regulation of aldosterone
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decrease Na or BP ---> renin from jg cells ---> angiotensinogen to angiotensin I in blood ---> I goes to II in lung (ACE) ---> aldosterone release ---> increase Na uptake
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Zona Fasciculata
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78% of cortex
cells in cords separated by sinusoidal caps mito SER spongiocytes secretes cortisol/ hydrocortisone (glucocorticoids) and contributes to androgen |
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explain what glucocorticoids do
in liver in adipose |
liver - increase glycogen syn and gluconeogenesis
adipose - increase lypolysis (giving you glycerol and fatty acids) |
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Zona Reticularis
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7% of cortex
irregular cords of cells similar to zona fasciculata LIPOFUSCIN pigment secretes DHEA and contributes to glucocorticoids |
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feedback control of cortex
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glomerulosa - renin-angiotensin-aldosterone
fasciculatat and reticularis - CRH and ACTH from ant pit |
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which level of adrenal gland has exceptional mitochondria?
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zona glomerulosa has shelf like cristae even though it makes H
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Adrenal Medulla
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polyhedral cells in clumps/cords
modified postganglionic sympathetic neurons, electron dense vesicles(epi and nor) |
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three types of adrenal medulla cells
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norepi cells (NE)
epi cells (E) ganglion cells |
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NE cells
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very dense large granules
intra-vesicle density is eccentric medullary arteriole blood supply |
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E cells
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granules less dense
intra-vesicular density is more homogenous cortical sinusoid blood supply |
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phenyl-ethanolamine-N-methyl transferase
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converts NE to E, stimulated by corticosteroid
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ganglion cells
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resemble multipolar neurons
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Feedback control of suprarenal medulla
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direct innervation!
nn secrete ACh not under hypophysis control |
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Fetal adrenal
fetal cortex permanent cortex |
fetal cortex - large mass of centrally placed acidophilic cells arising from mesodermal cells in the body wall, week 5, parallel eosinophilic cords of cells
permanent - second mesodermal wave surround fetal cortex, slightly more basophilic |
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cushing's syndrome
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adrenocortico hypersecretion
moon face, hypertension hyperglycemia and muscular weakness |
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addisons disease
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adrenocortico insufficiency
hypoglycemia, dehydration, hypotension, weakness, weight loss, |
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pheochromocytoma
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of adrenal medulla
increases heart rate and BP |
