Microanatomy 3-4 Female Repro

Front 1

What are the inner two regions of the ovary? What layers surround them?

Back 1

-cortex: contains follicles embedded in stroma
-medulla: vascularized
-Dense CT capsule= tunica albuginea
-Squamous/Cuboidal epithlium= germinal epithelium

Front 2

primordial follicle

Back 2

-stroma of cortex, ust dep to tunica albuginea
-single layer of squamous cells surround the oocyte

Front 3

primary follicle

Back 3

-oocyte enlargement
-follicle cells surrounding oocyte proliferate and become cuboidal

Front 4

zona pellucida

Back 4

extracellular coat that develops around oocyte, separating it from surrounding follicle cells within the primary follicle

Front 5

granulosa cells

Back 5

follicle cells surrounding oocyte in primary follicle proliferate into stratified layer

Front 6

theca interna

Back 6

-inner portion of theca folliculi cells surrounding granulosa cells
-highly vascularized layer of cuboidal secretoary cells
-possess large numbers of leutinizing hormone receptors; synthesize estrogen precursors

Front 7

theca externa

Back 7

-outer portion of theca folliculi cells surrounding granulosa cells
-smooth muscle and collagen fiber bundles only

Front 8

Maturation of the oocyte occurs in the _____ follicle.

Back 8

primary

Front 9

What 3 factors are required for oocyte and follicular growth?

Back 9

FSH, growth factors (e.g. IGF-1) & Calcium ions

Front 10

secondary follicle

Back 10

-stratum granulosum reaches cell thickness of 6-12 layers, forming a fluid filled cavity called *antrum*
-*cumulus oophorus* forms at base of oocyte as a thickening of granulosa cells which projects oocyte into the antrum
-cells of the cumulus oophorus surrounding the ooctye are called the *corona radiata*

Front 11

Mature (Graafian/vesicular) follicle

Back 11

-diameter of 10mm or more
-granulosa cell proliferation decreases
-antrum size increases
-corona radiate of cumulus cells forms single layer and oophorus cells loosen from granulosa cells in preparation for ovulation

Front 12

What traverses the entire follicular wall and is ejected into uterine tube during ovulation?

Back 12

secondary oocyte of the graafian follicle.

Front 13

corpus luteum

Back 13

-following ovulation, the follicle involutes and the remaining granulosa cells turn yellow
-secrete estrogen and progesterone to prepare endometrium for implantation and prevents further development of other follicles
-If fertilization does occur, fetus secretes HCG, which allows corpus luteum to thrive during pregnancy

Front 14

ectopic pregnancy

Back 14

ovum develops in the abdominal cavity

Front 15

corpus albicans

Back 15

-if no fertilization occurs, corpus luteum degenerates into corpus albicans after 10-14 days
-a CT structure

Front 16

uterine (fallopian) tubes

Back 16

-serosa: outer layer composed of mesothelium and thin layer of CT
-muscularis: inner, thick circular layer & outer, thin longitudinal layer
-mucosa: inner lining consisting of thin longitudinal folds; simple cloumnar epithelium composed of ciliated & non-ciliated peg cells

Front 17

uterine tube infundibulum, ampulla & isthmus

Back 17

-infundibulum: funnel shaped segment adjacent to the ovaries; proximal end communicates with ampulla, distal end opens to peritoneal cavity; fimbriae: fringed extensions which extend to the ovaries
-ampulla: longest segment; fertilization usually occurs here
-isthmus: narrow, medial segment adjacent to uterus

Front 18

uterine tube ciliated cells

Back 18

-transport oocyte or zygote toward uterus
-most numerous in infundibulum and ampulla

Front 19

uterine tube peg cells

Back 19

-nonciliated; secretory cells which produce nutrititve/protective fluids for ovum and capacitation (activation) of sperm cells

Front 20

List and describe the layers of the uterus from inside to outside

Back 20

-endometrium: stratum basale and stratum functionalis
-myometrium: 3x layers of smooth muscle; contractions expel fetus in birth and endometrium in menstration
-perimetrium: peritoneum covering the uterus

Front 21

The stratum _____ is shed during menstration, while the stratum _____ remains intact.

Back 21

functionalis, basalis

Front 22

The _____ contains the arcuate arteries supplying the uterus.

Back 22

myometrium

Front 23

Leiomyomas (uterine fibroids)

Back 23

benign tumors of uterine smooth muscle

Front 24

_____ arteries in the stratum _____ branch from arcuate arteries in the myometrium.

Back 24

spiral, functionalis; constriction of spiral arteries leads to shedding of the functionalis. The stratum basalis is supplied by straight arteries, also derived from arcuate arteries.

Front 25

What are the 3 uterine phases?

Back 25

-menstrual
-proliferative
-secretory

Front 26

Describe the epithelium of the cervix

Back 26

-Simple columnar w/ mucus secreting branched tubular glands
-the cervix is the lower part of the uterus

Front 27

cervix-vagina transition zone

Back 27

epithelium changes from columnar to stratified squamous; most cervical cancers originate in this zone

Front 28

Vagina: fornix & rugae

Back 28

-fornix: surrounds vaginal attachment to cervix
-rugae: transverse folds in the mucosal layer
-mucosal layer is lined by stratified squamous epithelium

Front 29

Vagina: submucosa

Back 29

-thin walled veins which stimulate erectile tissue during arousal; numerous elastic fibers extend into the muscular layer

Front 30

Vagina: muscularis

Back 30

-inner circular and outer longitudinal layer of smooth muscle

Front 31

Vagina: adventitia

Back 31

-inner dense CT layer w/ elastic fibers adjacent to muscularis and outer loose CT layer w/ blood/ lymph vasculature & nerves