Micro1009- Microbial Mechanisms Of Pathogenicity Chapter 15

Front 1

Pathogenicity

Back 1

Ability to cause a disease

Front 2

Virulence

Back 2

Degree of pathogenicity

Front 3

Portals of entry

Back 3

Mucous membrane

Skin

Parenteral route

Front 4

Mucous membrane portals of entry

Back 4

Respiratory Tract

Gastrointestinal tract

Genitourinary system

Conjunctiva

Front 5

What is the easiest/most frequently traveled portal of entry?

Back 5

Respiratory tract

Front 6

Common diseases contracted via the respiratory tract

Back 6

Common cold

Influenza

Pneumonia

Whooping cough

Tuberculosis

Front 7

Common diseases via g.i tract

Back 7

Salmonellosis (salmonella sp)

Shigellosis (shigella sp)

Cholera (vibrio choleraea)

Ulcers (Helicobacter pylori)

Botulism (Clostridium botulinum)

Front 8

Preferred portal of entry for Streptococcus pneumoniae

Back 8

Respiratory Tract

In GI Tract, no disease

Front 9

Preferred portal of entry for all Salmonella typhi

Back 9

GI tract (typhoid fever)

No disease if on skin

Front 10

ID50

Back 10

Infectious dose required to cause disease in 50% of inoculated test animals

Front 11

ID50 for Vibrio choleraea

Back 11

10^8 cells

Front 12

ID50 for Inhalation Anthrax

Back 12

10,000 - 20,000 spores

Front 13

LD50

Back 13

Lethal dose of a microbe's toxin that will kill 50% if experimentally inoculated test animal

Front 14

Adherence

Back 14

Acheived by surface molecules adhesins

Means to attach to host tissue

Front 15

Bacteria that produce capsules related to virulence

Back 15

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Haemophilus influenza

Bacillus anthracis

Yersinia pestis

Front 16

Cell wall components that help attachment and avoid phagocytosis

Back 16

M protein in streptococcus pyogenes

Opa protein in Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Mycolic Acid in Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Front 17

Antigenic variation

Back 17

Some microbes can alter their surface antigens so the immune system's antibodies cannot affect them

Influenza

Gonorrhoea

Trypanosomiasis

Front 18

Coagulase

Back 18

Causes blood to coagulate, which protect bacteria from phagocytosis from WBC

Front 19

Kinase

Back 19

Dissolve blood clots

Helps to spread bacteria

Front 20

Streptokinase

Back 20

Used to dissolve blood clot in the heart

Front 21

Hyaluronidase

Back 21

Breaks down hyaluronic acid

Front 22

Spreading factor

Back 22

Mixed with a drug to help spread the drug through a body tissue

Front 23

Collagenase

Back 23

Breaks down collagen

Used by Clostridium perfringens to spread gas gangrene through muscle tissue

Front 24

Necrotizing fasciitis

Back 24

Flesh eating bacteria

Front 25

Endotoxins

Back 25

Part of the outer cell wall of Gram (-) bacteria

Lipid A in the outer membrane

Front 26

Toxoids

Back 26

Injected to stimulate the production of anti toxins and provide immunity

Front 27

Types of exotoxins

Back 27

A-B Toxins

Membrane- Disrupting Toxins

Superantigens

Front 28

AB toxins

Back 28

B component binds to a host cell receptor

A component alters the cell function once brought in

Front 29

Examples of membrane disrupting Toxins

Back 29

Leukocidins

Hemolysins

Front 30

Diseases caused by toxins

Back 30

Botulism (gram +, anaerobic, spore forming rod, found in soil)

Tetanus (gram +, spore forming, anaerobic rod)

Cholera (Gram - comma shaped rods)

Toxin causes cells to secrete large amounts of fluids and electrolytes (diarrhea)

Front 31

LPS

Back 31

Lipopolysaccharides

O Antigen

Lipid A (toxin portion of the LPS)

Front 32

Cytokines

Back 32

Produced by endotoxins in a macrophage

They travel in the blood to the Hypothalamus which produces prostaglandin in response

This causes fever