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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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parasitic worms are divided into two major phylums:
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Platyhelminthes (flatworms)
Nematoda (roundworms) |
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This phylum has:
Few developed organs hermaphroditic |
Platyhelminthes (flatworms)
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This CLASS of flatworm has a body plan that includes:
scolex (head region) and a gravid proglottid which contains up to 200,000 eggs |
Cestoda
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In a “Generic” tapeworm life cycle:
can have multiple ____(1 to a few) adults shed _________ egg taken up by _________ (beef, pork, fish, invertebrate) larvae hatch and _________ _______ eats meat from undercooked organism, larvae develops into adult |
hosts
eggs with feces intermediate host travel to muscles definitive host |
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Taenia saginata/Taenia solium
definitive host –> intermediate host –> |
humans only
cattle or pig |
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Taenia saginata/Taenia solium Life cycle:
eggs/gravid proglottid released with _____ from definitive host eggs _____ by intermediate host eggs hatch, larvae penetrate intestines and travel to _____ called _______ undercooked meat – humans ingest cysticerci worms develop into adults – |
feces
ingested muscle cysticerci sexual reproduction |
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heavy” infections of this can cause cramping, vomiting, diarrhea
diagnosis presence of eggs and/or proglottids in stool |
T. saginata/T. solium -
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Taenia egg
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smooth & thick shell
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infection with T. solium can lead to _________:
-larvae travels to muscles and/or organs (can be up to 20cm in size) -Sparganosis |
cysticercosis
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pt prents with B12 deficiency. previously asymptomatic but with history of eating undercooked frewshwater fish (Great Lakes or Pacific Coast)
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Diphyllobothrium latum- fish tapeworm
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Diphyllobothrium latum life cycle:
-_____/eggs released in stool -if released in water: hatch releasing coracidium (_____) -coracidium ingested by _____ crustacean eaten by ____ fish eaten ______ by worm develops into _____ |
proglottids
larvae crustacean fish human adults |
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Diagnosis of Diphyllobothrium
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eggs/proglottids
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Echinococcus granulosus:
After human eats eggs, egg hatches and oncosphere released travels to organs and develops into _______ |
hydatid cyst
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Definitive host eats the cyst, protoscoleces ______ and develop into adults
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evaginate
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Echinococcus associated with
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close contact with dogs
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Pathology of Echinococcus is often due to damage due to cyst. If cyst breaks it can lead to _________
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anaphylatic shock
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Diagnosis of Echinococcus
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abnormal growth (slow growing tumor)
ELISA for immune response against organism |
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_________ is the most common tapeworm of man usually found in children. Life cycle can be completed with ONE host
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Hymenolepis nana- dwarf tapeworm
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With hymenolepis you can get __________
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autoinfection
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_____ are the normal reservoir for Hymenolepis
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Rats
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Diagnosis of Hymenolepis is made by _________
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eggs in stool
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Intestinal nematodes are _______
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roundworms
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Ascaris lumbricoides is diagnosed based on presence of eggs. Describe them
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mammillated (bumpy)
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eggs hatch in intestines
larvae burrow into capillaries, travel in lymphatics or blood to liver and then lungs burrow out of lungs and crawl up, get swallowed larvae develop into adults and sexually reproduce eggs released with feces |
Life cycle of Life cycle
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Ascaris is mostly _________ but heavy infections can lead to ________
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asymptomatic
burst of intestines |
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Enterobius vermicularis is also known as ______
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pinworm
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Enterobius vermicularis has ONE HOST. females lay sticky eggs around ______.
_______ and _______ occur. Dz is mostly asymptomatic but may cause(itching) or may cause appendicitis |
perianal area
autoinfection retroinfection |
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Diagnosis of Enterobius vermicularis includes the ________
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scotch” tape method
identification of eggs |
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Trichuris trichiura is also known as the ______
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whipworm
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Trichuris trichiura may cause _________ in children (inflammatory)
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rectal prolapse
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Diagnosis of Trichuris trichiura is
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eggs in stool
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Stronglyloides stercoralis is the ________
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threadworm
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Stronglyloides infection from the penetration of the larvae into the ____ -> ____ -> ____ -> ____ -> ____
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skin - blood – lungs – throat – intestines
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Stronglyloides egg can hatch in intestines and larvae penetrate mucosa and then re-cycle to get back to intestines (______)
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autoinfection
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Stronglyloides infections are mostly _______
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asymptomatic
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Diagnosis of Stronglyloides is eggs or _____ in feces
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larvae
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Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus are ______
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Hookworms
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hookworms worms ingest host blood can see _____ in heavy infections
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anemia
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