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76 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Corynebacterium diphtheriae
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diphtheria; cutaneous diphtheria Tx: anti-toxin sera; penicillin and erythromycin
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Corynebacterium minutissimum
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erythrasma (chronic superficial infection of the pubis groin and toe webs) Tx: erythromycin
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Helicobacter pylori
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acute gastritis Tx: a PPI; bismuth; amoxicillin and clarithromycin or tetracycline and metronidazole
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Nisseria meningitidis
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meningitis; bacteremia and sepsis w/o meningitis; bacteremia and sepsis w/ meningitis Tx: (empirical due to emergency) cephalosporins (cefotaxime or ceftriaxone) and prophylaxis would be rifampin or fluoroquinalone
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Neisseria gonorrhoeae
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Genitouninary tract infections; rectal infections; disseminated infections; Ophthalmia neonatorum Tx: (Ceftriaxone or Floroquinalone) plus (doxycycline (for Chlamydia) or azithromycin); erythromycin eye drops for newborn
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Moraxella catarrhalis
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bronchitis and pneumonia in elderly patients w/ chronic lung disease; 3rd MCC of sinusitis; otitis media; and AECB Tx: anything but penicillin (cephalosporin; fluoroquinalone; beta lactam w/ inhibitor)
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Leptospira interrogans
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leptospirosis Tx: penicillin (Doxycycline for prophylaxis)
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Borellia burgdorferei
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Lyme disease Tx: Doxycycline or Amoxicillin or ceftriaxone
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Borellia recurrentis
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epidemic relapsing fever Tx: tetracyclines
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Borrellia (not recurrentis)
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endemic relapsing fever Tx: tetracyclines
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Treponema pallidum
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syphilis; neonatal syphilis; Tx: Penicillin or Erythromycin or tetracycline
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Treponema pallidum endemicum
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endemic syphilis (bejel) Tx: Penicillin or Erythromycin or tetracycline
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Treponema pallidum pertenue
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Yaws Tx: Penicillin or Erythromycin or tetracycline
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Treponema carateum
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Pinta Tx: Penicillin or Erythromycin or tetracycline
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Mycobacteria tuberculosis
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tuberculosis Tx: (Peri therapy) pyrazinamide; ethambutol; rifampin; and isoniazid for at least 6 mo (rifampin and isoniazid only if pt responds well to 4 drug therapy); Use DOT if person not responsible (latent TB Tx: isoniazid or rifampin +/- ethambutol)
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Mycobacteria leprae
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Leprosy (Hansen’s disease) Tx: dapsone; rifampin: clofazimine for several years and dapsone for life
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Mott (Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare; M. kanasii)
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TB Tx: clarithromycin; rifampin; ethambutol for long periods (add ethionamide or cycloserine for progressive disease)
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M. marinum
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skin infections and granulomas following trauma in swimming pools or handling fish
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M. ulcerans
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skin infections in Australia and tropics
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M. scrofulaceum
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scrofula (cervical lymphadenitis) in children Tx: surgical excision of lesions
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Shigella (S. sonnei in US; S. flexneri in third world; S. Boydii)
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shigellosis (type of inflammatory diarrhea or bacterial dysentery Tx: Fluid and salt replacement (severe cases maybe macrolide or fluoroquinalone)
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Shigella dysenteria
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severe dysentery with HUS Tx: Fluid and salt replacement (severe cases maybe macrolide or fluoroquinalone)
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Salmonella typhi
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Typhoid (Enteric) fever Tx: fluid and salt replacement; cephalosporin (ceftriaxone) or a floroquinolone for several weeks
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Salmonella paratyphi
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Paratyphoid fever Tx: fluid and salt replacement; cephalosporin (ceftriaxone) or a floroquinolone for several weeks
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Non-typhoidal Salmonella
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gastroenteritis; bacteremia with endocarditis and arthritis is uncommon Tx: fluid and salt replacement; antibiotics for immunocompromised or age extremes [cephalosporin (ceftriaxone) or a floroquinolone for several weeks]
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Yersinia enterocolitica or Y. pseudotuberculosis
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yersiniosis (gastroenteritis with symptoms of fever AB pain and diarrhea); complications (skin rash; joint pain; bacteremia) Tx: Fluoroquinolone or TMP/sulfa for sepsis (unclear for gasteroenteritis)
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E. coli
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UTI (mcc); bacteremia; abdominal infections involving bowel perforations; Nosocomial infections Tx: Fluoroquinolones; ampicillin +/- inhibitor; Cefotaxime; cefazolin; TMP/sulfa
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ETEC
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travelers diarrhea Tx: fluid and salt replacement but antibiotics only if caught early (Fluoroquinolones)
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E. Coli K1
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meningitis in neonates Tx: Fluoroquinolones; ampicillin +/- inhibitor; Cefotaxime; cefazolin; TMP/sulfa
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EHEC
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inflammatory diarrhea; HUS syndrome Tx: fluid and salt replacement (no antibiotics)
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Enterobacter cloacae
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opportunistic infections (usually in hospital settings) in neonates; burn patients; and immunocompromised patients
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Serratia marcescens
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opportunitic infections (usually in hospital settings) in neonates; burn patients; and immunocompromised patients
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Citrobacter
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opportunitic infections (usually in hospital settings) in neonates; burn patients; and immunocompromised patients
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Proteus mirabilis
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UTIs (mostly in nosocomial setting); opportunitic infections
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Klebsiella pneumoniae
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community-acquired necrotizing lobar pneumonia (in patients compromised by alcoholism; diabetes; chronic lung diseases); UTIs (in nosocomial setting)
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Klebsiella ozaenae
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atrophic rhinitis
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Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis
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destructive granuloma of nose and pharynx
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Listeria monocytogenes
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meningitis (neonates); flu-like illness that can progress to bacteremia and meningitis (pregnant women); flu-like illness with acute febrile gastroenteritis that can progress to bacteremia and meningitis (immunocompromised) Tx: ampicillin +/- aminoglycoside
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Campylobacter jejuni
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Gastroenteritis (travelers diarrhea; Backpackers diarrhea); rarely bacteremia and systemic infections; Tx: fluid and salt replacement; (antibiotics after ID erythromycin and fluoroquinalone)
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Campylobacter Coli
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Gastroenteritis; more common bacteremia and systemic infections; Tx: fluid and salt replacement; (antibiotics after ID erythromycin and fluoroquinalone)
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Vibrio cholerae
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cholera Tx: Fluid and salt replacement most important; tetracyclines and fluoroquinaolones
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Vibrio parahaemolyticus
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mild to cholera-like diarrhea Tx: fluid and salt replacement; tetracycline
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Vibrio vulnificus
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cellulitis progressing to vesicles or bullae and tissue necrosis; bacteremia and septicemia Tx: tetracyclines or aminoglycosides
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Anaerobes (bacteroides; prevotella; fusobacteria; prophyromonas; propionibacteria; peptococcus; peptostreptococcus)
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intra-abdominal infections; periodontal infections; gynecological infections; community-acquired aspiration pneumonia; Acne; Bacteremia; sinusitis; otitis media; brain abscess; skin and soft tissue infections Tx: fluoroquinolone (levofloxacin) + metronidazole or cefotetan or piperacillin/tazobactam (Intraabdominal; gyn and aspiration pneumonia) cefotetan or piperacillin/tazobactam (periodontal) topical peroxides w/ erythromycin and clindamycin (acne)
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Clostridia perfringens
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soft tissue infections (wound contamination to myonecrosis[gas gangrene]); food poisoning; necrotizing enteritis (pig-bel) Tx: surgical intervention and high dose penicillin (tissue infections); fluid and salt replacement (food poisoning)
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Clostridia tetani
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neonatal tetanus; tetanus Tx: antitoxin w/ metronidazole or penicillin (vaccine prevention is best)
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Clostridia botulinum
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foodborne botulism; infant botulism; wound botulism Tx: antitoxin; symptom support; (penicillin for wound botulism)
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Clostridia difficile
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antibiotic associated diarrhea Tx: discontinue or change antibiotics or vancomycin or metronidazole
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Chlamydia trachomatis
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(ABC) [Africa; blindness; chronic infection] trachoma; (D-K) conjunctivitis; infant pneumonia; non-gonococcal urethritis; (L1-3) lymphogranuloma venerum Tx: tetracylines but azithromycin best (one shot); erythromycin eye drops (neonatal prevention)
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Chlamydia pneumoniae
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pneumonia and bronchitis Tx: macrolides or tetracycline
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Chlamydia psittaci
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psittocosis Tx: tetracyclines
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Rickettsia ricketsii
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Rocky mountain spotted fever Tx: tetracyclines
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Rickettsia akari
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rickettsia pox
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Rickettsia prowazeckii
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Epidemic (louse-borne) typhus Tx: tetracycline
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Rickettsia typhi
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Endemic (flea borne or murine) typhus Tx: tetracycline
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Orienta tsutsugamushi
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scrub typhus Tx: tetracyclines
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Brucella abortus; B. melitensis; B. Canis; B. suis
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brucellosis Tx: Doxycycline plus rifampin or gentamycin for 6 weeks
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Francisella Tularensis
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ulceroglandular tularemia; oculoglandular tularemia; glandular tularemia; Pneumonic tularemia; Typhoidal tularemia Tx: streptomycin or gentamycin or tetracycline or fluoroquinolone
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Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
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Erysipeloid (non-suppurative); diffuse cutaneous form or systemic form sometimes associated with endocarditis Tx: Penicillin
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Coxiella burnetti
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Q fever (chronic infections with subacute endocarditis and /or hepatitis Tx: Doxycycline (acute infections) tetracyclines and either rifampin or fluoroquinolone for 2-3 years (chronic infection)
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Ehrlichia chaffeensis
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Human monocytic ehrlichiosis Tx: Doxycycline
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Ehrlichia ewingii
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Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis Tx: Doxycycline
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Anaplasma phagocytophilum
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Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis Tx: doxycycline
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Yersinia pestis
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bubonic plague; pneumonic plague Tx: streptomycin or aminoglycoside or tetracycline or chloramphenicol
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Bacillus anthracis
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cutaneous anthrax; pulmonary anthrax; GI anthrax Tx: fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin) doxycycline (vaccine is inactivated factor II)
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Burkholderia pseudomallei
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wide spectrum of diseases from asymptomatic to meliodosis (skin infections
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Pseudomonas aeuginosa
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pulmonary infections; skin infections; UTIs; Ear infections; others Tx: two or more antibiotics ( betalactam [piperacillin; ticarcillin;ceftazidime; cefepime] plus aminoglycoside [tobramycin orgentamicin]
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Enterococcus
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infect only debilitated patients UTIs; Bacteremia; Intra-abdominal abcess and wound infection Tx: hard esp for those with bacteremia and endocarditis (many resistant to vancomycin [VRE] (Quinupristin/dalfopristin or Linezolid are effective against E. faecium) have to do antibiotic resistance culture (monotherapy with fluoroquinolone or tetracycline often associated with rapid development of resistance)
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Actinomyces Israeli
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actinomycosis Tx: weeks or months of penicillin
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Nocardia asteroids; N. brasiliensis
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nocardiosis (pneumonia); cutaneous infection Tx: TMP/ sulfa for many months and surgical drainage
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Pasturella multocida
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rapidly progressing cellulites along with tenosynovitis; abscess; osteomyelitis; septic arthritis Tx: Amoxicillin-clavulanate
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Eikenella corrodens
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human bite wound infections
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Streptobacillus monoliformis
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Rat bite fever Tx: penicillin
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Spirillum minus
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Rat bite fever Tx: penicillin
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Bartonella henselae
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Cat scratch disease; hepatosplenic cat scratch disease; bacillary angiomatosis Tx: macrolides (azithromycin)
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Bartonella Quintana
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trench fever; bacillary angiomatosis w/o peliosis hepatitis Tx: macrolides
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