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34 Cards in this Set
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- Back
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whats dracunculus medinensis
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guinea/serpant worm
**the one you twist around a stick to get out of its subcu home 3rd stage larvea are infective 1st larval stage is eaten by copepod, and we eat copepod painful ulcers/lesion endemic in africa control w/education about drinking/bathing |
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A 9-yr-old resident of Sudan emigrates to Nashville.
During the month before she arrived in the USA, a right lower extremity ulcer w/ a protruding worm had developed. Treatment consisted of winding the worm on a stick a few inches each day. In the USA, a new ulcer w/ a protruding worm is discovered. The wound appears erythematous & is tender to the touch. Worm fragments and pus are removed from the lesion. She is treated w/ IV cefazolin & metronidazole. |
Dracunculiasis
1st larval stage: eaten by copepod and then copepod is eaten by us. worm from skin released 1st larval stage 3rd larveal stage: infective |
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what is a hot spot for D medinensis
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N arfrica
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what is the vector for d medinenis
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copepod vector, they eat the worm 1st stage larva and then we eat it and the 3rd stage larva infect us
**we then need to carefully twist the long female out of our skin **we get blisters/ulvers |
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whats the tx/control of d medinenis
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as worm comes out of the skin blister slowly twist it around a stick. like 2 inches a day (that worm can be like a meter! so it takes weeks/months. or surgical removal
No good meds to kill the worm but pain meds bc it hurts! AB to prevent 2 bacterial infections CONTROL w/education |
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tell me a little about the transmission of the guinea worm, serpent worm, d medinensis (lots of names for the same bug)
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its the one you wrap with sticks
Adult worm is nematode Larvae are ovoviviparous 1. larva expelled from female worm in freshwater baths (so a current infection worm will release infectiva stage 1 larvea) 2. 1st stage larvea released from infection are eaten by copepods 3. humans accidently eat copepods when bathing- infective is 3rd stage 4. adult worm stays in human and causes painful blister and the worm comes out |
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whats the incubation of d medinensis
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1 year
limited to N africa- sudan |
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whats the filarial worm
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wuchereria bancrofti, epaphantiasis - lymphatic filariasis
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what causes lymphatic filariasis
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wuchereria bancrofti
**called elephantiasis, its actually lymphedema but not all causes of lymphedema are parasitic |
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what disease make solderies on WWII nervous
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wuchereria bancrofti, the elephantiasis
the soliders were afraid of developing deformed genitals |
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tell me a little about the larvae and adults of wuchereria bancrofti (filariasis)
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1. Larvae- microscopic
2. Adults: thread like, reside in lymphatic ducts 3. Mosquito ingests microfilaria when it eats blood, the mosquito is the vector for transmission 4. infective stage: filariform juvelile |
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what are the sx of wuchereria bancrofti (filariasis)
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1. inflammation bc of dead/dying worms
2. get a fever, lymphangitis, lymph stagnation, lymphena lymphedema when the work blocks lmph channels can get irreversible elephantoid tissue in the limb, scrotum, breasts elephantiasis is the result of long term immune complexes |
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how does one get the condision in which a worm blocks their lymph channels
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mosquito! infective stage is filariform juvenile, it enters the peripheral lymphatics, and live in lymphatic ducts or veins
Female worms are ovoviviparous and produce microfilariae, which migrate into the blood vessels adults can live in the lymphatics for 15 years!! |
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what is teh disease sequence of W bancrofti infection
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filarial fever, lymphangitis, lymph
6 stagnation, and elephantoid condition (elephantiasis). |
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whats hte tx and dx for w bancrofti
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serology, PCR
tx w.diethylcarbamazine **surgical removal of excess tissue is not curative nor permanent |
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tell me about brugia malayi
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malayan filiarl worm
**simliar to Wucheretiasis seen in asia and S pacific, mosquito vector (recall W bacncroftii is in africa, asia, brazil) |
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whats the dx stage of W bancrofti
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microfiliaria
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what causes elephantoid tissue in asia and s pacific through a mosquito vector
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malayan filariasis
Brugia malayi |
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whats onchocerca volvulus
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river blindness
infective stage is filariform larva adult worms live in sub cu nodules microfilaria is ingested by black fly you get nodules, elephantoid tissue, blindness endemic in africa nad ecuador |
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ok so you are in ecuador and get bit by a black fly, what was put into you and what will you get
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microfilaria will cause onchocerca volvulus
nodules, elephantoid tissue, blindness called river blindness |
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what is the cause of river blindness
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block fly bite in ecuador or africa
*onchocerca volvulus painless |
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if you have a PAINLESS hanging groin and elephantiasis whats the deal
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onchocerciasis, river blindness form the black fly in ecuador/africa
infective form is filariform larvea |
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how does ochocerciasis cause blindness
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microfilariae invade optic nerve nad retina
local inflammatory response resulting in sclerosing keratitis passed by black flies, seen in rivers, this is why it is called river blindness second most common cause of blindness world wide |
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chorioretinitis is associated with what
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river blindness, black fly
onchocerciasis also causes a lichenification- thickened leathery skin |
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why might hte pp in africa be blind
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river valley blindness from black fly
onchocerciasis, also causes thick skin, and hanging groin and elephantiasis |
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what is passed by the deer fly
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loa loa, its a subcutansous eye worm
**infective stage- filariform larva NO ANIMAL reservoir, human is definitive host endemic in africa |
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tell me about loa loa
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its teh eye worm!
it infects the eye, chest, back, groin etc. endemic in africa and passed through deer flies, there is no animal vector, human is definitic host. infective stage is filariform larva |
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what causes worm in eye
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loa loa, passed from deer fly
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whats dog heartworm
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dirofilariasis, infects the R heart in human and pulm artery in dog
infective- filaform larvea gives a coin lesion, is passed through mosquitos |
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where is dirofiliaria common
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S, E, US
**its dog heart worm that is passed to humans as filariform larva and gets into subcut, lungs, and heart. it is passed to human by mosquitos. dx w/coin leison on x ray and tx w/surgical removal |
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what shows coin lesion on x ray
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dirofiliaria immitiis
dog heart worm, infects our heart and lings too. eek! microfilaris is infectious |
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A man from Brazil goes to the doctor because of
an enlarge scrotum. A thick blood film reveals microfilariae. Which of the following organisms is the probable causative agent? 1Leishmania brazilie... 2Trypanosoma cruzi 3Loa loa 4Wuchereria bancrofti 5Dracunculus medin... 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1 Leishmania braziliensis 2 Trypanosoma cruzi 3 Loa loa 4 Wuchereria bancrofti 5 Dracunculus medinensis |
wuchereria bancrofti
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At an aid station, a 14-yr-old Sudanese rebel
soldier is seen for an infected ulcerating lesion on his leg. A thin worm is clearly visible protruding from the wound. How did he become infected? 1Mosquito inje... 2Deer fly inje... 3Walking baref... 4Drinking wate... 5Swimming in c... 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 10 1 Mosquito injecting larvae during a blood meal 2 Deer fly injecting larvae during a blood meal 3 Walking barefoot, allowing larvae to enter skin 4 Drinking water that contain infected copepods 5 Swimming in cercariae-infested water |
Drinking water that contain infected copepods
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The diagnosis of sclerosing keratitis is made in a
patient from Ecuador. Of note are many filariform juveniles in the chambers of the eye. Which of the following parasites is the causative agent? 1Dracunculus medin... 2Toxocara canis 3Loa loa 4Onchocerca volvulus 5Wuchereria bancrofti 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1 Dracunculus medinensis 2 Toxocara canis 3 Loa loa 4 Onchocerca volvulus 5 Wuchereria bancrofti |
4 Onchocerca volvulus
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