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66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 3 unenveloped RNA viruses?
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-Picornavirus
-Calicivirus -Reovirus |
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Which are infectious? Why?
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Picorna and Calici - both are +ssRNA; Reo is dsRNA
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What are the 6 +ssRNA viruses?
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PC CRFT
Picornavirus Calicivirus Coronavirus Retrovirus Flavivirus Togavirus |
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What is the capsid symmetry of all the +ssRNA viruses?
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Icosahedral - except one
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What +ssRNA virus is Helical?
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Coronavirus
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What is the capsid symmetry of all the -ssRNA viruses?
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Helical
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What are the 3 -ssRNA viruses with circular RNA?
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-Arenaviruses
-Bunyaviruses -Deltavirus |
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And what is the dsRNA virus?
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Reo repeatovirus
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What are the 5 viruses of medical importance in the Picornavirus family?
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PERCH
-Polio -Echo -Rhino -Coxsackie -Heparna - Hep A |
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What does Poliovirus cause?
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Poliomeningitis
and it's the basis of the Salk/Sabin vaccines |
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What does Echovirus cause?
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Aseptic meningitis
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What does Rhinovirus cause?
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The common cold
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What are 5 infections that Coxsackie virus can cause?
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-Febrile pharyngitis
-Aseptic meningitis -Myocarditis -Herpangina -Hand/foot/mouth disease |
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What does HAV cause?
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Hepatitis A - acute viral hepatitis
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What can all of the Picornaviruses cause? Except for which?
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All can cause ASeptic meningitis except Rhino and Hep A
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What is the important point to remember re: Picornavirus replication?
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Their RNA is translated as one large polyprotein that then gets cleaved by proteases into functional viral proteins.
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Why does Rhinovirus cause the common cold?
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Because there are >100 serotypes
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What are the 2 notable pathogens in the Calicivirus family?
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-Norwalk virus
-Hepatitis E |
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What does Norwalk virus cause?
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Gastroenteritis - on cruises
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What are the 2 notable pathogens in the Reovirus family?
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-Reovirus
-Rotavirus |
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What does Reovirus cause?
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Colorado tick fever
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What does Rotavirus cause?
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Infantile gastroenteritis! Most important and #1 cause of fetale death due to diarrhea!
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What is important to remember about the genome structure of Rotavirus?
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10 segments of dsRNA - it undergoes redistribution like influenza and can cause pandemics
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How does Rotavirus cause such destructive diarrhea?
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Causes VILLOUS DESTRUCTION and ATROPHY - decreases Na/H2O reabsorption
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What is the unique point about reoviruses structure in addition to it being dsRNA and segmented?
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It has a double capsid and looks like a wheel
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What are the 5 major pathogens in the Flavivirus family?
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-Hep C
-Dengue fever virus -Yellow fever virus -St. louis encephalitis virus -West Nile virus |
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What are the flaviviruses grouped together with? Into what group?
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Flavivirus + Togavirus + Bunyavirus -> Arboviruses
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What does ARBO mean?
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Arthropod Borne
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How can you remember the 3 arboviruses?
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Fever Transmitted by Bites
-Flavivirus -Togavirus -Bunyavirus |
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What are the classic examples of Flaviviruses transmitted by bites?
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Dengue fever and Yellow fever
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What is Dengue fever aka?
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Break-bone fever
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What is the variant of Dengue fever in Southeast Asia?
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Hemorrhagic shock syndrome
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What is Yellow fever caused by?
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Flavivirus
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What is the flavivirus transmitted by? What is their reservoir?
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Aedes mosquitos - reservoir is in monkeys/humans
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What are the 3 hallmark signs of Flavivirus infection and Yellow fever?
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-Black vomit
-JAUNDICE (yellow skin) -High fever |
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What can be seen in a liver specimen from yellow fever?
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Councilman bodies!
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What other important virus is a Flavivirus? What does its infection resemble?
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Hep C - resembles Hep B
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What are the 4 things C's of hepatitis C?
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-Chronic hepatitis
-Cirrhosis -Carcinoma (hepatocellular) -Carriers |
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What are the 3 diseases caused by the Togavirus?
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-Rubella
-Eastern equine encephalitis -Western equine encephalitis |
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What is the genome of the Togavirus?
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Enveloped
+ssRNA icosahedral |
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What is the genome of the Retrovirus family?
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Enveloped
+ssRNA icosahedral |
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What are the 2 main pathogens in the Retrovirus family? What does each cause?
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HIV - AIDS
HTLV - Tcell lymphoma |
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How is the Coronovirus' genome different from all the previous viruses so far?
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Enveloped
+ssRNA but HELICAL, not icosahedral |
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What does the Coronavirus cause?
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The common cold and SARS!
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What is the pathogen in the Orthomyxovirus family?
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Influenza
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Genome structure of Influenza?
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Enveloped
-ssRNA SEGMENTED in 8 pieces helical |
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What does the segmentation of Influenza's genome allow for?
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Reassortment and antigenic shifts and drifts
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What are the 4 segmented viruses? what type of viruses are they all?
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BOAR - all RNA viruses:
-Bunya -Orthomyxo -Arena -Reo (rota) |
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How many segments are in
-Reovirus -Influenza virus |
Reo = 10
Influenza = 8 |
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What are the 4 major pathogens in the Paramyxovirus family?
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-Parainfluenza
-RSV -Measles -Mumps |
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What does Parainfluenza cause?
How many serotypes of this? |
Croup in children
-4 serotypes |
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What does RSV cause?
How many serotypes of this? |
Bronchiolitis in babies
-2 serotypes |
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What is RSV treated with?
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Ribavirin
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How many serotypes of Measles and mumps? What does this allow for?
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Only 1! Can give a vaccine
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What are the 3 major findings in Mumps?
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Parotids/testes as big as POMS
-Parotitis -Orchitis -Meningitis |
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What can Mumps lead to especially if the infection occurs after puberty?
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Sterility
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What is the HALLMARK sign of Measles?
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Koplik spots - white, bluish-gray spots on the back of the throat
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Why are Koplik spots a highly important finding to take note of?
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They are diagnostic!
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What are 3 possible sequelae of Measles?
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SSPE
Giant cell Pneumonia Encephalitis |
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Where will the rash be seen in Measles?
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Head to toe!
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3 C's of Measles:
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-Cough
-Coryza -Conjunctivitis and of course Koplik's spots |
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What is coryza?
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head cold
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What is SSPE?
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Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis caused by immune resistant measles!
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What is SSPE an example of?
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SLOW virus infection
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What are the 2 CONVENTIONAL viruses that can exhibit these slow virus infections?
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-Measles - as SSPE
-JC virus - as PML in AIDs patients |
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What is an UNconventional cause of slow infection?
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Prions - Creutzfeldt jacob and kuru
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