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55 Cards in this Set
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- Back
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Acute Respiratory Disease / common cold
Signs and Sx. |
Sore throat, Runny nose, congestion, cough, CHILD: 7-10 days, ADULTS: 2-5 days.
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Acute Respiratory Disease / common cold
Etiology |
Rhinovirus, Coronavirus. Those with LRI too (like bronchiolitis/ pneumonia) RSV, Human metapneumovirus, influenza, adenovirus, parainfluenza (croup), human bocavirus mycoplasma, chlamydia
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Acute Respiratory Disease / common cold
Complications |
Lower Respiratory Infections, Otitis, Sinusitis, Exacerbations (asthma, COPD)
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Acute Respiratory Disease / common cold
Dx |
Presumptive. Swab, Rapid test (ELISA), RSV, Influenza.
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Acute Respiratory Disease / common cold
Tx |
None proven (such as AB, Histamines, decongestants or Zinc)
RSV: ribavarin Flu A: amantidine/rimantidine |
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Acute Respiratory Disease / common cold
Prevention |
Isolation, handwashing
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Acute Respiratory Disease / common cold
Epidemiology |
Seasonal. Children: 6 -10x per year (direct contact spread)
>50% of all sick leave |
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Pharyngitis
"Strep throat, mononucleosis" S/Sx |
Fever, sore throat, dysphagia, pharyngeal erythema, exudates, Lymphadenopathy, nausea/vomiting with Group A Strep. 3-6 days even w/o Tx.
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Pharyngitis
"Strep throat, mononucleosis" Etiology |
If non-exudative --> see common cold
Exudative: adenovirus (pink eye) EBV (mono) Strep pyogenes Group A Strep (but only 1/3 exudate) |
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Pharyngitis
"Strep throat, mononucleosis" Complications |
Mono: Burkitts, nasopharyngeal CA, splenic rupture.
Group A Strep: Scarlet fever, rheumatic fever, glomerulonephritis, abscess, otitis, pneumo. |
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Pharyngitis
"Strep throat, mononucleosis" DX |
EBV: mono spot test (heterophile test)
GAS: Rapid strep test and culture, Antistreptolysin O, streptozyme |
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Pharyngitis
"Strep throat, mononucleosis" TX |
Mono: supportive, steroids if SEVERE inflammation.
GAS: PCN x 10 days |
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Pharyngitis
"Strep throat, mononucleosis" Prevention |
Tonsillectomy. Check others in household.
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Pharyngitis
"Strep throat, mononucleosis" Epidemiology |
GAS: 6-12 year old, children assympt carrier in 50% of cases.
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Otits Media.
Tube blockage, virus. + nasopharynx infection = pressure and pain. S/Sx |
URI, otalgia, drainage, decreased hearing, fever, TM bulding lose landmarks, red, blebs on TM = virus.
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Otits Media.
Tube blockage, virus. + nasopharynx infection = pressure and pain. Etiology |
1/3 sterile
1/3 strep pneumo 1/6 H. flu (untypeable) 1/6 other. Chronic: pseudomonoas, staphylococcus, anaerobes. |
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Otits Media.
Tube blockage, virus. + nasopharynx infection = pressure and pain. Complications |
Perforation, hearing loss, learning disability, mastoiditis, meningitis.
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Otits Media.
Tube blockage, virus. + nasopharynx infection = pressure and pain. Dx |
Presumptive, tympanocentesis, myringotomy.
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Otits Media.
Tube blockage, virus. + nasopharynx infection = pressure and pain. Tx |
Amoxicillin, cephalosporin, TMP-SMX (TRIMETHOPRIM/SULFAMETHOXAZOLE) Myringotomy relieves
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Otits Media.
Tube blockage, virus. + nasopharynx infection = pressure and pain. Prevention |
Decongestants, vaccination, allergy tx, tubes.
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Otits Media.
Tube blockage, virus. + nasopharynx infection = pressure and pain. Epidemiology |
Children (the sinusitis equivalent) 2/3 before second birthday.
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Sinusitis
Virus/allergy/anatomy = obstruction. Bacterial infection, pressure, pain. S/Sx |
Sinus pain, headache. Fever, rhinorrhea, otitis media. No transillumination (opaque)
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Sinusitis
Virus/allergy/anatomy = obstruction. Bacterial infection, pressure, pain. Etiology |
1/3 sterile, 1/3 strep penumo, 1/6 H. flu, 1/6 other. Chronic: psudomonas (otitis) Staphylococcus, anaerobes.
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Sinusitis
Virus/allergy/anatomy = obstruction. Bacterial infection, pressure, pain. Complications |
Chronic sinusitis, osteomyelitis, meningitis (if anatomic problem)
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Sinusitis
Virus/allergy/anatomy = obstruction. Bacterial infection, pressure, pain. Dx |
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Sinusitis
Virus/allergy/anatomy = obstruction. Bacterial infection, pressure, pain. Tx |
AB (strep & h.flu)
Chronic: AB (Staph & Anaerobe) |
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Sinusitis
Virus/allergy/anatomy = obstruction. Bacterial infection, pressure, pain. Prevention |
Decongestants, allergy tx, correct anatomy.
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Sinusitis
Virus/allergy/anatomy = obstruction. Bacterial infection, pressure, pain. Epidemiolgy |
Adults (the otitis equivalent), with URI's allergies.
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Epiglottitis
S/Sx |
Preceding URI, sore throat, barky cough, stridor, choking senstaion, drool. Chills, fevers, TOXIC swollen epiglottis and neck, sitting up and leaning foward.
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Epiglottitis
Etiology |
Parainfluenza, H. flu type b, GAS (strep pyogenes), strep pneumo
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Epiglottitis
Complications |
Airway obstruction
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Epiglottitis
Dx |
Blood cultures (bacteremia), Lateral neck Xray, thumb sign on there, Throat cultures, Careful do not do gag reflex.
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Epiglottitis
Tx |
Establish airway (have emergency tracheostomy ready), lateral neck Xray, AB
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Epiglottitis
Prevention |
Vaccine (H flu B)
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Epiglottitis
Epidemiology |
Non-imunized kids, adults when poorly immunized.
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Pertussis (WHOOPING COUGH), 3 stages.
S/Sx |
Catarrhal (rhinorrhea)
Paroxysmal (cough/whoop) Convalescent (get better) |
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Pertussis (WHOOPING COUGH), 3 stages.
Etiology |
Bordatella pertussis
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Pertussis (WHOOPING COUGH), 3 stages.
Complications |
Respiratory compromise
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Pertussis (WHOOPING COUGH), 3 stages.
Dx |
Clinically, culture fluorescent Ab strain by PCR
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Pertussis (WHOOPING COUGH), 3 stages.
Tx |
Supportive, Erythromycin
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Pertussis (WHOOPING COUGH), 3 stages.
Precention |
The P in DPT for babies
The P in DTap for booster shots |
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Pertussis (WHOOPING COUGH), 3 stages.
Epidemiology |
Non-immunized adults with waning immunity cough 3-5 weeks (!)
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Diphtheria
Throat, heart, nerves. S/Sx |
Pharyngitis, LAD, Fever, Malaise, Gray pseudomembrane in throat
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Diphtheria
Throat, heart, nerves. Etiology |
Coryneacterium diphtheria, produces toxin that attaches to EF2.
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Diphtheria
Throat, heart, nerves. Complications |
Myocarditis, heart failure/arrhythmia. Myelin degeneration: nerve palsy/paralysis.
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Diphtheria
Throat, heart, nerves. Dx |
Clinically, culture.
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Diphtheria
Throat, heart, nerves. Tx |
Antitoxin, PCN, supportive
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Diphtheria
Throat, heart, nerves. Prevention |
the D in DPT vaccine
the D in DTap booster shots |
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Diphtheria
Throat, heart, nerves. Epidemiology |
Nonimmunized, always investigate all close contacts.
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Haemophilus Influenza
(blood loving) (causes pneumonia after influenza) Think TYPE B. Structure |
Gram NEGATIVE.
Pleomorphic (coccobacillary), non-motile, non-spore forming |
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Haemophilus Influenza
(blood loving) (causes pneumonia after influenza) Think TYPE B. Virulence Factor |
Capsule (6 types)
Avoids phagocytes, used to identify type. B is the most important. |
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Haemophilus Influenza
(blood loving) (causes pneumonia after influenza) Think TYPE B. Epidemiology |
Otitis, sinusitis, epiglotitis, pneumonia, meningitis, sepsis, 2ndary to viruses.
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Haemophilus Influenza
(blood loving) (causes pneumonia after influenza) Think TYPE B. Immunity |
Via Ab to capsular polysacch. Infants susceptible after maternal Abs gone (6 months) - < 2 yrs = poor response to polysacc antigens
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Haemophilus Influenza
(blood loving) (causes pneumonia after influenza) Think TYPE B. Prevention |
H flu B:
Capsular vaccine PROBLEM: Must be >2 yrs old for response. but 6 months to 24 months, highest risk for infection SOLUTION: conjugate vaccines (link PRP = polyribitol phosphate to proteins, give enhanced immunogenicity. 3-4 injections starting at 2 months, now 95% decrease invasive H flu b). |
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Haemophilus Influenza
(blood loving) (causes pneumonia after influenza) Think TYPE B. Other details |
Growth factors required:
(think a mother goes to a 5 and dime when her child has the flu) V: NAD from lysed RBCs X: Hematin |
