Micro Unit 7

Front 1

cDNA

Back 1

complementary DNA; DNA made in vitro from an mRNA template

Front 2

clone

Back 2

a population of cells arising from a single parent cell

Front 3

codon/anticodon

Back 3

a sequence of 3 nucleotides in mRNA that specifies the insertion of an amino acid into a polypeptide

Front 4

Conjugation

Back 4

This process is mediated by one kind of plasmid - requires cell to cell contact & must be opposite mating type

Front 5

DNA ligase

Back 5

an enzyme that covalently bonds a carbon atom of one nucleotide with the phosphate of another nucleotide

Front 6

DNA polymerase

Back 6

an enzyme that synthesizes DNA by copying a DNA template

Front 7

Electroporation

Back 7

a technique by which DNA is inserted into a cell using an electrical current

Front 8

Exon

Back 8

Stretches of DNA that code for protein

Front 9

frameshift mutation

Back 9

a mutation caused by the addition or deletion of one or more bases in DNA

Front 10

Gene gun

Back 10

can be used to insert Dna coated "bullets" into a cell

Front 11

gene library

Back 11

a collection of cloned DNA fragments created by inserting restriction enzyme fragments in a bacterium, yeast or phage

Front 12

gene therapy

Back 12

treating a disease by replacing abnormal genes

Front 13

Intron

Back 13

Intervening stretches of DNA that do not code for protein

Front 14

lagging strand

Back 14

During DNA replication, the daughter strand that is synthesized discontinuously

Front 15

leading strand

Back 15

During DNA replication, the daughter strand that is synthesized continuously

Front 16

mutation

Back 16

any change in the nitrogenous base sequence of DNA

Front 17

nucleotide

Back 17

a compound consisting of a purine or pyrimidine base and a pentose sugar

Front 18

PCR - polymerase chain reaction

Back 18

a technique using DNA polymerase to make mulitple copies of a DNA template in vitro

Front 19

phenotype

Back 19

the external manifestations of an organism's genotype or genetic makeup

Front 20

genotype

Back 20

an organisms genetic makeup

Front 21

plasmid

Back 21

a small circular DNA molecule that replicates independently of the chromosome

Front 22

Protoplast fusion

Back 22

a method of joining two cells by first removing their cell walls; used in genetic engineering

Front 23

Restriction endonuclease

Back 23

cut dna backbone in a strand of DNA; facilitate repair and insertions

Front 24

Reverse transcriptase

Back 24

An RNA dependent DNA polymerase; an enzyme that synthesizes a complementary DNA from an RNA template

Front 25

ribosome

Back 25

the site of protein synthesis in a cell, composed of RNA and protein

Front 26

RNA polymerase

Back 26

makes a molecule of rna from a dna template

Front 27

spliceosome

Back 27

removal of introns

Front 28

transcription

Back 28

the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA template

Front 29

Transduction

Back 29

During this process, bacterial DNA is transferred from a donor cell to a recipient cell inside a virus that infects bacteria

Front 30

Transformation

Back 30

During this process, genes are transferred from one bacterium to another as "naked" DNA in solution

Front 31

translation

Back 31

the use of mRNA as a template in the synthesis of protein

Front 32

transposon

Back 32

a small piece of DNA that can move from one DNA molecule to another

Front 33

vector

Back 33

a plasmid or virus used in genetic engineering to insert genes into a cell

Front 34

ligation

Back 34

The joining of two linear nucleic acid molecules by the formation of phospho-diester bonds