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81 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How is psuedomonas so resistent
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altered it's high affinity pore
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MC Atypical in elderrly alcoholics and smokers
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Legionella - no HUMAN TO HUMAN just water- antigen urine test or direct fluourescent antibody test
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Francisella
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Deer Tick, small animals, arkansas, intercellular
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Don't culture what
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Yersina, brucella, francisella - BIOWEAPON SINCE LAB TRANSMISSION***
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Bordatella
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Dangeours to young children, not to adults why they don't get booster
-look for unvaccinated child |
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Pertussis Staging
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1-2 weeks - caarrha- most contagious
2-4 weeks - paroxysmal repetitive cough with WHOOPS - vomit and aspirate >3 weeks less cough encephalopathy seziures -IgA is what give immunity babies are born without |
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pertussis culting
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Hard to culture but it's on bordet gengou rogean lowe - you don't think to culture until it's to late
-DTaP is acellular - hemagluttinin and toxoid |
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Brucella
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unpasteurized dairy
Goat milk and cheese -granulomatous** faculatitive intracellular |
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Campylobacter
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curved rod
oxidase positive microaerophillic ONLY ONE THAT REQUIRES HIGHER THAN NORMAL BODY TEMP FRO GROWHT -low infectious dose thus high rate in the US - lower dose means they tolerate acid -cross reaction O:19 -> Guillan Barre |
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H pylori
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Type I carcinogen - stomach cancer and MALToma
Dx breath test -exhale radiolabeled Co2 or biopsy |
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Urease Positive
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PUNCH
Proteus Ureaplasma Nocardia Crypto Hpylori |
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Enterobacteriacae
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Only Oxidase negative importnat
- no CytoC oxidase -reduce nitrates to nitrite (this is their terminal oxygen acceptor) -only family to know Antigen - O envelope, H flaggela, K capsular polysacharide (or Vi for salmonella) CEEK SHyPS |
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MCC UTI
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E Coli
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Neoonatal Septicemia
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K1 serotype
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Invading M cell acting polymer
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Shiga - very little needed to infct
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Pneumonia of alcholic
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STREPPNEUMO
klebsiella only makes up a little (also causes UTI from indwelling cathether) |
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Salmonella Typhi infx
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HUMAN RESERVOIR ONLY
GI -> LN -> Septicemia-> Rose spots in many-> bilary tree-> GUT -> 3 weeks for positive stool culture WIDAL TEST to distinguish subspecies Lives in macrophages because of defensins |
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Salmonella non typhi
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Turtle and bird reservoir
-invade LP -> increaes PG-> increase cAMP -osteomyelitis in SS -2nd MCC of diahrrea form bacteria after *C jejuni |
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High Infectious Dose needed
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Salmonella and E coli
indicitive of poor sanitation |
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Yersina Pestis
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SW - flea bite - human to human septic emboli coughed up pneumonic form
Intercelular Coagulase clogs up flea mouth makes the flea go crazy -blcoks cyokine production allowing phagocyte inhabitaion by reduciong killing ONLY ONE WITH QUARNTINE AFTER strating antibiotics |
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Cold temperatures
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Yersina enterocolitica
Pseudoappendictis in children - brought into the US from colder climates -Heterophile RMSF antibody activates Weil Felix*** which is a proeus antien |
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Gramnegative curved rod oxidase positive
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Tirck question vibrio and C jejuni
-Vibrio is ALKALINE though -vibrio is only human to human unlike c jejuni -vibrio has high infectious too |
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Other vibrio
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parahaemolyticus and vulnificus
-marine life -vulnificus causes a cllulitis from handling oyster |
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Pasteurella
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Pasteurella cat bite Rx - amox clav
bartonella cat scratch and bacillary angiomtosis Eikenella and capnoptophaga |
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HACEK
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GNR causing subacute endocarditis
-normal oral flora |
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HiB
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95% type B
polyribitol phosphate - capsule other pathogeneiss IgA used to be number one meningitis look for unvaccinated Rifampin for colonized |
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IgA protease
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H flu, strep pneumo, neissria both
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Painful genital chancre
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You do cry with ducreyi
H cureyi Chocolate agar, increase HIV transmission |
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Why bacteroids is ok
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Reducd toxicity LPS
ABR is common |
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Axial filament
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Any spirochetes
obligate pathogen but not intracellular LOOK FOR STAGE LIKE BORTADELLA |
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Treponema stages
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stage 1 - clean painless cahncre - darkfield or fluorescent microscopy and non treponeme VRDL RPR ART
-stage 2 - maculopapular rash - contagous. Condyloma lata - flat wrtlike perinal -----very infectious at this test, do a nontreponemal VDRL test first then FTA ABS which are no usable in 2nd -FTA abs positive lifelong -Stage 3 gumas (ONLY EXTRACELLULR FOR GRANULOMA) aortitis, CS inflammation Do an FTA since nonspecfic will be normal now |
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Jarisch Herxheimer
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LPS so GN- reaction caused 24 hrs after antibiotic
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Borrelia Burgdoreferi
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LOOK FOR ERYTHEME MIGRANS - moving bull's eye - treat persumpatively since serologic test hard
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Oxidase + means what
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nonfermenter
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Interogans Leptospira
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-hooked end spirochete in animal urine
-interrogans because it looks like question mark HAWAII -flu GI hepatitis renal |
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ATYPICAL bacteric
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-chlymidiae and ricketisae - no or little ATP in rickettsiae - no MURAMIC ACID IN CHYLMIDAE
- Mycoplasma - no pepti |
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RMSF
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RASH STARTS on ankles and wrists then goes to trunk palms soles and face****
NOT FROM THE Rocky mountains but applachia WEIL felix - doxy tick protection |
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Erlichia
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Chaffeneiss - ambylomma lone star tick - monocytis
Phagocytophila - IXODES< RMSF without rash - granulocyte infx MORULAE - the infection of immune cells |
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IXODES
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Erlichia phagcytophila, babesia microtti, borella burgodeflia
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Chlymdiae Trachomatis
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Elementary body ot in the elements reticulate - intercellular
Most common STD - D-K (D__K) - urethritis intercellular so discharge is lower than gonorrhea*** Infant pneumoina and staccato cough AB Ba C - leading cause of preventable lindeness - conjunctivitis and scarring from inturned eyelashes -> CORNEAL SCARRING |
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Chylmidae L1-3
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lymphogranuloma venereum - genital elphatnitis
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Chlamydophila Pneumoiae
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Implicated with atherosclerosis **** SM intracellular growth** walking penumoniae
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Mycoplasma Pneumoniae
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#1 atypical
-needs cholesterol -fried egg on eaton except pneumoniae which has mulberry -youn adult penumoniae - P1 protein shuts down cillia - no cell wall so no neutrophil attraction and no N formyl methoionine so ATYPICAL response -postive cold agglutinins |
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Ureaplasma urealyticum
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Kidney stones like with protease, since it is urease positive
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Fungi wall
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Chitin Glucan mannan
membrane - ergosterol -heterotrophic - means they need organic carbons |
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Dematiaceous fungal hyphae
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ASpergillus fumigatus (fumar = smoke)
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Dimorphic FUngi
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Body Heat Chages Shape
Blasto Histo Coccidiodes Sporo Cold=mould |
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Malassezia furfur
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Infects keratinzed issues
Pityriasis or tinea versicolor - blotchy hyperigpmientatious spaghetti and meatballs |
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Cutanoues fungal infection
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Trichophyon microsporum epidermophyton - all infect skin, all filamentou monomoprhic
Tricho phyton- skin hair and nails Microsporm - hair Epidermophyton- nail "phyton" tooth and nail |
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Ringworm of skin
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Tinea corpos
dermatophye infection, take leading dge Tinea corpos Tinea Ungruin - has to by trich or epidermo Dx - KOH or woods lamp shows arthrocondiia Nail or hair shaft - oral therapy |
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Sporothrix schenkii
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eumycotic mycetome
Dimorphic - rossettes with cigar shaped yeast in pus*** inhale it is pulmonary and baddd |
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Histoplasma location
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NO east coast just midwest
Blasto - NC or SC two coexist otherwise REMEMBER NO CAPSULE |
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Calcifying lung lesions
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Fungal as well as Tb
Disseminate in immunocpomrpised - painless lesions |
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Disseminated in 3rd trimester
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Cocciodes
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Erythema nodosum
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Coccides - NOT IN AIDS PATEINT
good prognostic finding |
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Rotting wood and beaver damns
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Blastomyces - not capsulated
-don't self resolve rx amph B -dissemination causes skin findings |
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AIDS definicn candidia
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Esophagitis or gastritis
cutenaous or oral trush not AIDS defining |
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Chronic mucocuatenous candidias
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Associated with endocrine defects - anergic to candida and maybe the high sugar helps grow
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Bread Mold
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Zygomycophta - rhinocerbral infection by mucor
look for broad 90 degree hyphael branching irregular width DKA or leukamiea HIGHLY FATAL Rx might be usless |
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SHBG mechanics
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Higher affinity for test than estrogen -> highr levels lower free test
Estrogen increases synthesis -androen insulin obesity hypothyroidism all lower |
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Impotence in testosterone is due to what?
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Decreased Libido
-aslo seen with lowered Test - osteoporosis, gynecomastia infertility Primary - Leydig malfunctioing (see increased LHt ttheic shoohen FSH elveates due to decreased inhibin normal FSH low sperm, if ST hur) Secondary - decreaed LH |
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Infertility
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Primary - ST dysfunctioing from varicocel XXY or orchitis
FSH increased because inhibin is down -Kallman causes Secondary - look for ansosmia and color blindness |
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Impotence
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MCC is vascular insifficiency - aortilliac athrosclerosis with hypoastric arteries in Leriche syndrome, also se calf cluadication and dminishd femoral pulse
NEURO cause - needs S2-S4 for point and T12-L1 for shoot - My S, diabetes, prostateectomy Drugs - Leurprolide, methylodopa (opposite of yohimbe), psychtorpics |
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Tdt acts where
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both chains TCR and in heavy chain B
VJ only in alpha and light -if Tdt present that means heavy chain hasnt been made yet in B cell or that T cell is still in thymic cortex not in the medulla yet |
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IL7
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Lymphoid development - administered in bone marrow transplant
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b2 microglobulin encoded where?
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Not the MHC, used to transport MHC
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cytoplasmic mu chain
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pre B cell - the stage after pro, pro does have CD19 20 and MHC II
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Location of double positive T cell
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thymic cortex
double positive with TCR leaving the bonemarrow it has neither TCR or CD4 CD8 |
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Catalase +
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Serratia, staph, klebsiella, aspergillus
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N formyl methionine absent in what
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Mycoplasma -> PMN attractant hence the atypical response
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Lysogenic Conversion
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COBEDS
Cholera O -Q antigen of salmonela B=Botulinum toxin E= eryhtogenic exotoxins of strep D=diphteria S= shiga verotoxin NOT LYTIC can't do specifics |
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Mechanism of kaposi
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HHV8 turns on VEGF
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Segmented viruses
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ROBA
Reo Orthymxyoirus Bunyavirus Arenavrius -genetic shift causes pandemics |
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Regulatory gene for full blown AIDS
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nef - reduces MHC 1 and CD4 and screws with T cell pathways
Tat - upregulats transcription rev- ups the transport out the nucleus |
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Assay for medical professional HIV exposure
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p24
PCR- babies -provirus RT - PCR - viral load because its collecting blood - detects progression of the disease |
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Eosinophilic Diarrhea
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(Choice C) Diarrhea with PERIPHERAL eosinophilia can be indicative of a number of diseases. causes of this condition include many of the intestinal parasites such as Strongyloides, Ancylostoma, Ascaris,InfectiousToxicara, Trichura, and Trichinella. It is not commonly associated with Giardia or Entamoeba.
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Daclimuzumab
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anti IL2 Receptor
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Rituximab
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Anti CD20
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Palivzumab
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RSV
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Ground glass liver
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Hepatitis B - cytoplasm filled with tubules of it's surface antigen
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Erythema nodosum
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Sarcoid, strep, OCP, IBD
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