Micro The Rest Of The Rna Viruses

Front 1

RNA viruses not mentioned in this set of flashcards?

Back 1

Retroviridae, orthomyxoviridae, and paramyxoviridae.

Front 2

Arthropod borne viruses are called what? And what RNA viruses belongs?

Back 2

Arboviruses.

Togaviridae, flaviviridae, and bunyaviridae.

Front 3

Picornaviridae are a large group of viruses containg containing?

Back 3

Enterovirus: poliovirus; coxsackie A and B; echovirus, and HAV

Rhinovirus

Front 4

What are the viruses that cause diarrhea?

Back 4

Rotavirus and caliciviridae (includes Norwalk virus)

Note: HEV also belongs to caliciviridae

Front 5

Rabies is caused by?

Back 5

Rhabdoviridae

Front 6

Viruses that cause hemorrhagic fever and potential bioweapons?

Back 6

Filoviridae (Ebola, Marburg viruses) and Arenaviridae (Lassa Fever viruses).

Front 7

What are the two members of the Togaviridae family?

Back 7

Rubivirus (Rubella, German Measles) and Alpha viruses (mosquito-borne and cause encephalitis).

Front 8

Although rubivirus is a togavirus, it is not a?

Back 8

Arbovirus.

Front 9

What are the differences and similarities between rubella and measles?

Back 9

Both are contracted via respiratory secretions, prodrome of fever, lymphadenopathy, and flu-like symptoms. Red maculopapular rash that spreads form forehead to torso. Koplik spots are not present with rubella.

Complications, such as encephalitis rarely occur with Rubella. Rash last 3 days, instead of 6 with Measles.

Front 10

What is the major concern with Togaviridae rubivirus?

When can a pregnant women receive the rubella vaccine?

Back 10

Its ability to cross the placenta (TORCHES), and cause congenital defects in the FIRST trimester.

After pregnancy.

Front 11

What body areas are affected in congenital rubella?

Back 11

Heart, eyes, and CNS:

PDA, pulmonary artery stenosis, interventricular septal defects, cataracts, microcephaly.

Front 12

What mediates damage of the vascular endothelial cells of dermal capillaries of Togaviridae rubivirus?

Back 12

Virus-specific T cell attack virus-infected vascular endothelial cells.

Same MOA of rubeola.

Front 13

Where does German measles replicate at?

Back 13

Togaviridae rubivirus infects the nasopharynx and replicates in the local lymph nodes

Front 14

How do you treat Togaviridae rubivrius?

Back 14

German measles are treated with nothing. It is a self-limiting disease.

There is a live attenuated vaccine: MMR

Front 15

How can you diagnosis rubella?

Back 15

Serology (IgM), isolation of virus from throat swab and urine

Front 16

What infections does the family Bunyaviridae cause?

Back 16

Diseases characterized by fever and encephalitis, such as California encephalitis, Rift Valley fever, Sandfly fever virus.

Also, Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome

Front 17

What should be considered in young adults with influenza-like symptoms who develop pulmonary edema?

Back 17

Sin Nombre virus--Bunyaviridae hantavirus, responsible for Hantavirus respiratory syndrome.

Front 18

What is the vector for Bunyaviridae hantavirus?

Back 18

Sin Nombre virus is transmitted via the deer mouse.

Front 19

How do you diagnosis Sin Nombre virus?

Back 19

Serology for IgM and IgG ABs; and PCR

Front 20

What is the morphology of Bunyaviridae?

Back 20

-ss RNA, helical nucleocapsid enveloped.

Note: same as Orthomyxoviridae

Front 21

Most RNA viruses are single-stranded (half are positive or negative), enveloped, show helical capsid symmetry and replicates in the cytoplasm. What are the exception?

Back 21

Reoviridae: ds.

Nonenveloped: Picorna, Calici, and Reoviridae.

Icosahedral symmetry: Reo, Picorna, TOga, Flavi, Calici (Rhabdo has helical symmetry but is shaped like a bullet).

Replication in the nucleus: Retro and Orthomyxo.

Front 22

Most of the members of the hantavirus genus cause different forms of?

Back 22

Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome.

Front 23

How is Hantavirus spread?

Back 23

Each novel viruses has its own distinct rodent as a host.

Human infection is strongly associated with rodent urine or droppings in a tight environment (e.g., under a tent in a remote campsite)

Transmission can occur when dried materials are inhaled.

P2P transmission has not been associated, which would cause rash and shock.

Front 24

Aerosols of the hantavirus can be used for?

Back 24

Bioterrorism.

Front 25

What is the key early clinical marker of infection resulting Hantavirus respiratory syndrome?

What are the receptors for the hantaviruses?

Back 25

Thrombocytopenia.

b3 integrins.

Front 26

How do you treat Hantavirus respiratory syndrome?

Back 26

Supportive: aggressive mechanical ventilation and use of systemic vasopressors. Broad-spectrum antibiotics for septic shock.

Note: ribavirin has not been shown to be effective for pulmonary syndrome caused by Sin Nombre virus.

Front 27

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is caused by?

Back 27

A coronavirus, called SARS-associated coronarvirus (SARS-CoV).

Front 28

What is the outer envelop of the coronavirus like?

Back 28

Club-shaped peplomers, providing a crown-like (i.e., "corona") appearance.

Front 29

What causes the cold?

Back 29

Rhinovirus (really belongs in the picornaviridae family) and the coronaviridae

The coronaviridae cause a cold indistinguishable from the rhinovirus common cold. Rhino is the most common cause followed by corona (15%).

Rhino drinking a corona beer with a cold.

Other causes: adenovirus, influenza C virus, and coxsackievirus.

Front 30

Coronaviruses have historically been known to cause?

Back 30

Upper respiratory and enteric diseases.

Group 1 and 2 in humans and 3 only includes avian viruses.

SARS-CoV is considered group 4.

Front 31

How can SARS-CoV be diagnosed?

Back 31

Reverse transcriptase-PCR; serology with viral RNA in respiratory secretion, feces, urine, lung biopsy.

Front 32

What is the different area of colonization between classic coronaviruses and SARS-CoV?

Back 32

Classic coronaviruses: upper respiratory tract.

SARS-CoV: viral pneumonia that infects the lower respiratory tract.

Front 33

What is the pathology behind SARS-CoV?

Back 33

Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) with multinulceated gaint cells with NO viral inclusions.

Desquamation of pneumocytes is prominent and consistent.

With progression of illness, there is more intense DAD, with increase fibrosis, squamous metaplasia, and multinucleated giant cells.

Front 34

What is the treatment of SARS-CoV?

Back 34

No treatment or vaccines have been developed.

Front 35

What is the cause of death from SARS-CoV?

Back 35

Respiratory failure.

Front 36

What is the course of development of Sin Nombre virus?

Back 36

Bunyaviridae hantavirus causes prodrome of flu-like symptoms, followed by pulmonary capillary leakage (resulting in pulmonary edema and hemoconcentration), producing respiratory failure.

DIC can occur.

There is a high mortality.