Micro Test 8

Front 1

It is characteristic of respiratory diseases to occur in ____ form- appears explosively and attack large number of people in short times. Increases during winter when people are in crowded quarters.

Back 1

epidemic

Front 2

causative agents are transmitted ____ thru secretions or ______ by fomites.

Back 2

directly. indirectly

Front 3

We control respiratory infections by ______ contact between carriers and cases and increase resistance by getting _______, good nutrition, and personal hygiene.

Back 3

minimize, immunized

Front 4

This pathogen is important because it cuases many severe infections and also because of the complications that can occur after recovery from an acute infection.

Back 4

streptococci

Front 5

This disease cuases more different kinds of diseases than any other group of organisms?

Back 5

hemolytic streptococcal infections

Front 6

These are viridans (green) colony surrounded by green halo, incomplete hemolysis.

a. alpha hemoytic
b. beta hemolytic
c. gamma

Back 6

a.

Front 7

this cology is surrounded by clear, wide colorless zone of complete hemolysis.

a. alpha hemoytic
b. beta hemolytic
c. gamma

Back 7

b.

Front 8

these colones show no hemoysis or color change

a. alpha hemoytic
b. beta hemolytic
c. gamma

Back 8

c.

Front 9

The most virulent and usually associated acute fulminating infecitons

a. alpha hemoytic
b. beta hemolytic
c. gamma

Back 9

b.

Front 10

usually nonpathogenic.

a. alpha hemoytic
b. beta hemolytic
c. gamma

Back 10

c.

Front 11

chronic low grade infections- although some like subacute bacterial endocarditis are serious also causes tooth abcesses and sinus infections.

a. alpha hemoytic
b. beta hemolytic
c. gamma

Back 11

a.

Front 12

Reacts with sterols in hosts WBC membrane and causes release of lysosomes resulting in degranulation and death of WBC.

A. Streptolysin S
B. Streptolysin O

Back 12

b.

Front 13

This inhibits chemotaxis and phagocytosis. Killsy phagocytic cells. Extracted from cell with serum also stable in atmospheric o2.

A. Streptolysin S
B. Streptolysin O

Back 13

a.

Front 14

Streptolysin S and O produced by Beta Group A.

a. hemolysins
b. streptokinase
c. streptdornase
d. hyaluronidase
e. erythrogenic toxins.

Back 14

a.

Front 15

fibrinolysin

a. hemolysins
b. streptokinase
c. streptdornase
d. hyaluronidase
e. erythrogenic toxins.

Back 15

b.

Front 16

acids in the liquefaction of thick exudates (pneumonia)

a. hemolysins
b. streptokinase
c. streptdornase
d. hyaluronidase
e. erythrogenic toxins.

Back 16

c.

Front 17

increases permeability of tissues to bacteria and toxins

a. hemolysins
b. streptokinase
c. streptdornase
d. hyaluronidase
e. erythrogenic toxins.

Back 17

d.

Front 18

prduces erythema or redness

a. hemolysins
b. streptokinase
c. streptdornase
d. hyaluronidase
e. erythrogenic toxins.

Back 18

e.

Front 19

If you have strep once you are immune to it?
t or f

Back 19

false

Front 20

What type of strep infection does have immunity? Immunity is only against its toxin?

Back 20

scarlet fever

Front 21

This is an acute, communicable hemolytic strep infection usually group A, have sore throate and rash caused by the erythrogenic toxin. Does not attack infants under 6 months or adults over 50.

a. scarlet fever
b. rhuematic fever

Back 21

a.

Front 22

Check for immunity inject toxins. positive tests indicates susceptibility to scarlet fever- positive test is no inflammation because antitoxins present neutralizes the toxin.

Back 22

DICK test

Front 23

This disease is cuased by B hemolytic strep- group A. comes in 3 stages.

a. scarlet fever
b. rheumatic fever.

Back 23

b.

Front 24

Name the 3 stages of rheumatic fever?

Back 24

acute strep infection
latent phase
swelling joints, tenderness, and fever

Front 25

The symptoms of rheumatic fever represent and ____ reaction to strep infection. ____ titer is elevated.

Back 25

allergic. ASO

Front 26

The characterisitc of rheumatic fever is an inflammatory process in the heart.. small nodules called ___ ___ form in the heart valves.

Back 26

aschoff bodies

Front 27

This is a infrequent complication of streptococcal symptom is hematuria with high blood pressure. it is an autoimmune disease strep has or produces an antigen that crosses and reacts with the glomerual basement membranes of hte kidney- or the strep deposits antigen-antibody compleses on the basement membranes of the kidney.

Back 27

glomerulonephritis

Front 28

Demineralization occurs when dense masses of bacteria adhere to the tooth, they are called ____ ____

Back 28

dental plaques

Front 29

This film is from the adsorption of glcyoproteins from saliva?

Back 29

1st acquired pellicle

Front 30

_____ ____ has the greatest affinity to pellicle

Back 30

strep sanguis

Front 31

The principle etiologic agent in the dissolution of tooth enamal is ?

Back 31

streptococcus mutans

Front 32

When strep ferments fructose, and lactic acid is formed this cuases what of the tooth?

Back 32

decalcification and decay

Front 33

This disease occurs around the tooth and inovles the gigiva and the alveolar bone which supports the teeth.

Back 33

peridontal disease

Front 34

plaque extends into the gigival sulcus if not removed by flossing and brushing calcium is deposited and forms a rough stony crust called?

Back 34

tarter or calculus

Front 35

when extension of calcus to the bottom of the gingival sulcus causes inflammation what can happen?

Back 35

loss of attatchment to the tooth surface and causes bleeding

Front 36

With the reabsorption of hte alveolar bone structure surrounding he roots of hte tooth, eventually the tooth may what?

Back 36

fall out

Front 37

Infection of hte skin. See in young children.

Back 37

impetigo

Front 38

This Groups strep is bacitracing sensitive

a. B
b. A

Back 38

b.

Front 39

what type of test is this? antibodies to the C carbohydrate of group A strep are bound to latex beads- use organisms from a direct throat swab- observe agglutination.

Back 39

quick strep- latex test

Front 40

if this titer is high it indicates recent B hemolytic strep infection.

Back 40

ASO titer

Front 41

This Group strep has been found that 25% of all women have this group in vaginal flora?


a. B
b. A

Back 41

a

Front 42

what is the name of this organism? it is a gram positive dipolococcie distal ends of each pair are lancet shaped, are encapsulated, non-motile and cause alpha hemolysis

Back 42

Strepto pneumonia (lobar pneumonia) diplococcus pneumonia

Front 43

There are 80 serological types found, but we only have vaccine based on __ of these types for strep pneumonia.

Back 43

23

Front 44

This disease is sudden and onset with chills, fever, and pleural pain, incubationperiod is 1-3 days, causes middle ear infections, and also the second most common cause of meningitis in adults.

Back 44

pneumococci

Front 45

Most charactgeristic feature of pneumococcal infections are the abundance of ___ in the areas of inflammation

Back 45

fibrin

Front 46

differentiate pneumococcus and streptococcus?

Back 46

pneumo- bile soluble, femrent inulin, inhibited by optochin, has capsules

Front 47

what do you treat step and pneumonia with that works the best?

Back 47

penicclin

Front 48

mycoplasma pneumonia also primary atypical pneumonia caused by PPLO and often confused with viral pneumonias is also called?

Back 48

walking pneumonia

Front 49

What do you treat mycoplasma pneumonia with?

a. tetracycline
b. penicillin
c. sulfonamides
d. eryhtromycin

Back 49

a
d

Front 50

with mycoplasma pneumonia.. during 2nd or 3rd week _____ agglutinins appear in serum

Back 50

cold

Front 51

IGM is what infection and IGG is what type of infection

which one is accute or chonic

Back 51

accute, chronic

Front 52

This is a fastidious organism, disease is dry cough and chest pain also abdominal pain and gasytrointestinal symptoms. name came after the disease was caught by people in american legion. It is a gram - organism and has been isolated from air-conditioning towers. organism hard to grow. do serological tests

Back 52

legionella pneumophila

Front 53

This diesease is characterized by catarrhal inflammation of hte respiratory tract with paroxysmal cough that ends in a whoop.

a. strep
b. mycoplasma pneumonia
c. whooping cough

Back 53

c.

Front 54

children under 5 years of age and females are usualy the infected with this disease.

Back 54

whooping cough

Front 55

the etiolical agent is bordetella pertussis, it is fastidious, small non-montile, gram negative rod.

Back 55

whooping cough

Front 56

bordetella only grows on this media

a. mcconkies
b. blood agar
c. cooked blood agar

Back 56

c.

Front 57

with whooping cough you use what type of plate?

Back 57

cough

Front 58

T or F. there is no natural immunnity but after an attack there is permanent immunity of whooping cough

Back 58

true

Front 59

TB is caused by ______ tuberculosis. These bacteria are closely related to ____. We use an ___- ____ stain for this.

Back 59

mycobacterium. fungi. acid fast

Front 60

We use this to treat TB.

Back 60

INH, INH with PAS and SM

Front 61

TB is hard to grow and use only on special media. Grows best at body temp. and we use this specialized sealed tupe to supress the growth of bacteria.

Back 61

malachite green

Front 62

3 strains of TB. and only 2 can cause TB in humans

Back 62

human, bovine and avian
human and bovine

Front 63

IN TB infecction occurs primarily through inhalation of _____

Back 63

droplets

Front 64

THis disease is associated with poverty (overcrowding, poor ventilation)

Back 64

TB

Front 65

The inflmmatory process of TB is produced by the presence of the bacilli this process uses uses wandering tissue phagocytes.

Back 65

info

Front 66

The skin test of TB is based on robert kochs discovery of the tuberculin reaction. we use ___ intradermaly injected mulitpled puncture. A positive skin test inlcudes?

Back 66

ppd, induration of 5 mL or more hard and red

Front 67

TB is called ___ fast bacilli we use this Ziehl-Neelsen stain.

Back 67

acid

Front 68

These are acid fast organisms that cause a pulmonary disease that mimicks TB. M. kansasil, m intracellularis, M. serofulaceum, m. fortuitum.

Back 68

unclassified mycobacteria

Front 69

This disease is not common in the US, it is shaped as pleomorphic, straight and some club-shaped.have chinese characters when divide bacteria have tendency to snap apart an stained smears show cells at sharp angles to each other. metacomatic granules when stained methylane blue

Back 69

cornybacerium diptheria

Front 70

These organisms grow on loefflers or chocolate agar with tellurite- colonies grow grey to black.

Back 70

cornybacterium diptheria

Front 71

Diptheria bacilli owe their pathogenicity to their _____ toxin. These exotoxins blocks cellular sythesis of ____ _ an enzyme important in tissue respiration.

Back 71

extracellular. cytochrome B

Front 72

Cornybacterium diptheriae is highly pathogenic. it forms a ______ a superficial lesion on mucous membrane that forms fribrin and as it precipitates it entraps leucocytes, RBC, bacteria and dead epithelial cells.

Back 72

psudeomembrane

Front 73

3 clinical forms of cornybacterium this one may cuase suffocation

a. faucial
b. larnyngeal
c. nasal

Back 73

b.

Front 74

bacili that have a microscopic resemblance to corynebacterium do not produce toxins and are non pathogenic

Back 74

diptheroids

Front 75

to immunize for corynebacterium we use _____ toxoid

Back 75

diptheria

Front 76

this test is used for diptheria toxin injected intradermally.

Back 76

shick test

Front 77

Systemic mycoses appear entirely differen in tissue compared to cultures.. therefore they are _____

Back 77

diphasic. Invitro= mold

Front 78

This disease is chornic has similar symtoms to tuberculosis. The fungus involved also causes infections, especially in the skin, lungs and bone. thought that most systemic infections occur by way of the respiratory tract and caused by blastomyces dermatitidis.. found in N. america ans is recovered from soil samples.

a. north american blastomycosis
b. south american blastomycosis
c. coccidioido mycosis
d. aspergillosis
e. cryptococcosis

Back 78

a.

Front 79

caused by paracoccidioides braziliensis. most common in brazil,central and south america. found in soils, drug of choice is amphotericin B.

a. north american blastomycosis
b. south american blastomycosis
c. coccidioido mycosis
d. aspergillosis
e. cryptococcosis

Back 79

b.

Front 80

This is known as valley fever san joaquin fever. A primary infection which is an acute self-limiting respiratory disease. Cuased by coccidioides imitis

a. north american blastomycosis
b. south american blastomycosis
c. coccidioido mycosis
d. aspergillosis
e. cryptococcosis

Back 80

c.

Front 81

man and animal infected by inhaling spore- bearing dust in the aird southwestern US. once in the body is found as a large thick walled spherule filled with endospores. Coccidiodin skin test and is diphasic.

a. north american blastomycosis
b. south american blastomycosis
c. coccidioido mycosis
d. aspergillosis
e. cryptococcosis

Back 81

c.

Front 82

This is localized involving nail, foot as mycetoma, otomycosis, common- fungi live on earwax external auditory canal or eye.

a. north american blastomycosis
b. south american blastomycosis
c. coccidioido mycosis
d. aspergillosis
e. cryptococcosis

Back 82

d.

Front 83

aspergillus flavus produces these toxins whish are teoxic substances that cuase cancer of the liver. mostly affects animlas.

Back 83

aflatoxins

Front 84

This is an subsacute or chornic infection of lungs involving primarily the brain and meninges, lungs, skin and skeleton. Also known as torulosis. Only encapsulated yeast to invade the CNS. India ink is used to stain.

a. north american blastomycosis
b. south american blastomycosis
c. coccidioido mycosis
d. aspergillosis
e. cryptococcosis

Back 84

e.

Front 85

This is found in skin, feces of normal people and pigeon dung.

a. north american blastomycosis
b. south american blastomycosis
c. coccidioido mycosis
d. aspergillosis
e. cryptococcosis

Back 85

e.

Front 86

This is an accute or chronic disease that shows lessions in mouth , or vaginia. Caused by cnadida albicans. The factors that favor the developement of this disease is diabetes, antibiotic therapy or debilitating diseases.

a. candidasis
b. histoplasmosis

Back 86

a.

Front 87

This is known as the darlings disease. It involves the reticuloendothelial system. causes by histoplasma capuslation andis very common. Isolated from soils especially around chicken houses, bat quano or areas used by starlins. found in Central missisippi valley ohio valley and appalachians.

a. candidasis
b. histoplasmosis

Back 87

b.