Micro Test 5-3

Front 1

what are the 4 main conditions that influence the growth of microbes?

Back 1

Temperature, gasses in atmosphere, PH and osmotic pressure

Front 2

Temperature has a great ____ on microbes. some have a broad temp range like bacilius 8-53 degrees C.

Back 2

inflence

Front 3

The number of divisions per hour is called growth ___. this is greatest at the optimum growth termperature.

Back 3

rate

Front 4

The cardnial temeratures are

Back 4

minimum, optimum and maximum

Front 5

___- temperature is the best for growth

Back 5

optimum

Front 6

Cold loving. 0-20 degrees C. best 15-20 degrees C most marine microbes.

a. mesophiles
b. thermaphiles
c. psychrophiles

Back 6

c

Front 7

Moderate temperature loving

a. mesophiles
b. thermaphiles
c. psychrophiles

Back 7

a.

Front 8

Heat loving microbes. found in volcanoes compost heaps.

a. mesophiles
b. thermaphiles
c. psychrophiles

Back 8

b

Front 9

some achaebacteria grow at temps above the boiling point of water?

Back 9

true

Front 10

Microbes require vayring amounts of o2, co2, n2 and methane based on o2

Back 10

info

Front 11

These microbes require o2 for growth, aire atmosphere of 21%, They acquire more energy from a available nutrients than do microbes that do not use O2.

Back 11

aerobic

Front 12

These microbes grow in air and also grown anaerobically. Do not require o2 but douse it for energy producing chemical reactions. Anaerobically they get energy from fementation.

Back 12

Facultative microbes

Front 13

These can not grown in air they are poisoned by O2

Back 13

anaerobic microbes

Front 14

These anaerobes are killed by brief exposure to O2

Back 14

Strict

Front 15

The toxicity of O2 is due to molecules that are produced during reactions involving O2 this is a _____ radical

Back 15

superoxide

Front 16

_____ radicals are very short lived very reactive- they can damage every kind of m olecule found in living cells- including genetic material

Back 16

Hydroxyl

Front 17

______ peroxide and ____ radicals both destroy vital cell components.

Back 17

hydrogen and hyroxyl

Front 18

some organisms have developed protection against hydrogen peroxide and hydoxyl radicles by production of an enzyme _____ dimutase. this eliminates superoxide radicals by rapidly converting them to hydrogen peroxide

Back 18

superoxide

Front 19

We must grow anaerobes in anaerobic chamber, this system is when you add chemicals that generate hydorgen and co2. The hydogrent reacts with o2 on the surface of the palladium catalyst forming H20 and anaerobic conditions.

Back 19

gas pack system

Front 20

An anaerobic indicater changes from blue to colorless in the absense of O2.

Back 20

Methlyne Blue

Front 21

These microbes use O2 for energy yeilding chemical reactions like o2 best at 1-15%.

Back 21

microaerophilic microbes

Front 22

This ph lies in the middle of the ph range over which growth will occur

Back 22

optimum

Front 23

To grow at an acidicor basic ph. the microbe must be able to maintain intracellular ph of __.

Back 23

7.5

Front 24

minimum ph for bacteria is _
maximum is _
optimum is __

Back 24

4, 9, 6-8

Front 25

Molds and yeasts Ph is __-__
protozoa pH ___-___
algae pH _-__

Back 25

5-6
6.6-7.7
4-8.5

Front 26

Pressure force that water moves thru cytoplasmic membrane from low concentration to high concentration.

a. osmotic
b. hydorstatic

Back 26

osmotic pressure

Front 27

No net flow of H20 cells grow normally

a. isotonic solution
b. hypertonic solution
c. hypotonic solution

Back 27

a

Front 28

cell loses h2o growh is inhibited.

a. isotonic solution
b. hypertonic solution
c. hypotonic solution

Back 28

b.

Front 29

water flws into cells and disrupts the cell.

a. isotonic solution
b. hypertonic solution
c. hypotonic solution

Back 29

c.

Front 30

This is pressure exerted on cells by the weight of water on them.

a. osmotic
b. hydorstatic

Back 30

b.

Front 31

Pressure dependent microbes

Back 31

barophiles

Front 32

Reproduction.

have new cells produced that are identical to the orginal

asexual
sexual

Back 32

asexual

Front 33

this reproduction is the exchange of genetic material creating unique offspring

asexual
sexual

Back 33

sexual

Front 34

asexual reproduction in bacteria is ____ fission. parent cell smply splits

Back 34

binary

Front 35

meiosis forms the gametes (process where cells are haploid) thus chromosomes number is constatn when zygote is formed.

Back 35

sexual reproduction

Front 36

3 phases of the interphase in a eucaryotic cell cycle

Back 36

g1- cell growth and synthesizes protein(following mitosis)
S- dna synthesis cell growth and dna doubles
g2- growth2 (following DNAsynthesis) cell growth reaches maximum

Front 37

This phase is when the nucleus undergoes mitosis. Karyokinesis is 2 equal daughter nuclei produces. Cytokinesis is when daugter cells are produced.

Back 37

mitotic phase

Front 38

Increasing in number of constituent cells

Back 38

growth

Front 39

Bacterial growth by binary fission. logarthimic increases 1 2 4 8 16

Back 39

multiples by 2

Front 40

Time required for one organism to divid into 2

Back 40

Generation time

Front 41

Growth curve in a closed system
When bacteria are inoculated into new media. do not grow right a way.. adjusting to evironment. Not mulitplying just growing in size
a. stationary phase
b. log phase
c. death phase
d. lag phase.

Back 41

d. lag phase

Front 42

Period of most rapid reproduction- peak time physciological activign and efficient gernation time varies with species, available nutrients and temperature
a. stationary phase
b. log phase
c. death phase
d. lag phase.

Back 42

b. log phase

Front 43

Culture gorws older and approaches maxiumum population that can be suported. Rate of reproduction slows some die. hwen reproduction equals death rate- number of bacteria stay constant.

a. stationary phase
b. log phase
c. death phase
d. lag phase.

Back 43

a. stationary phase

Front 44

This is when reproduction has stopped. death rate accelerates- all cells die within in days to months.

a. stationary phase
b. log phase
c. death phase
d. lag phase.

Back 44

Death phase

Front 45

This is a culture that needs to keep growing. culture volume and cell concentration are kept constant.

Back 45

continuous culture

Front 46

This is when cells in microbial culture do not divide at the same time there is random cell division.

Back 46

sychronous culture

Front 47

synchronous cultures allows researchers to study microbial growth, ,organization and morphogenesis at particular stages of cell division cycle.

Back 47

info

Front 48

two principle metohds for measuring microbial growth are ?

Back 48

meausre cell numbers
measure cell masses.