Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
how do you cut a plasmid?
|
Restriction Endonuclease
|
|
|
who developed Genetic Engineering?
|
Boyer and Cowan
|
|
|
how do you seal a plasmid after the new strand of DNA has been purified and inserted?
|
DNA Ligase.
|
|
|
Name one important R Endo
|
Eco R1
|
|
|
what are palandromic bases?
|
repeating base sequences..
aka- ATTGCA-ATTGCA TAACGT-TAACGT |
|
|
what is another name for DNA ligase?
|
CHimera
|
|
|
WHat is electrophoresis?
|
highly purified agar used to separate DNA into bands
|
|
|
What chemical do you use to see DNA bands?
|
Ethidium Bromide...and you put it in Electrophoresis and under a UV light.
|
|
|
What kind of bonds does ligase form? and between what?
|
Ligase forms Covalent bonds between sugar and phosphate in the DNA strands
|
|
|
Waht is another 6-base cutter besides Eco-R1?
|
Bam H1
|
|
|
What is the organism that farmers spray onto their crops?
|
Frostban....aka, Pseudomonas Syringae...an organism with mutated genes used to protect crops from frostbite at night
|
|
|
WAht is Humulin?
|
Human insulin, created in teh lab....made by rDNA technology
|
|
|
What is Heat Shock Treatment?
|
A way to get plasmids into EColi....42 degrees celcius for 90 seconds.
|
|
|
What is a Ti plsmid?
|
a plasmid posessed by A. Tumefasciens...plant genetics
|
|
|
what are Amp r genes
|
Ampicillin resistant genes
|
|
|
who discovered DNA fingerprinting?
|
Jeffreys
|
|
|
waht is PCR?
|
a gene amplification technique
|
|
|
what is Hind III
|
a restriction Endonuclease
|
|
|
Who is Mullis?
|
A man who discovered PCR...which is one of the most used molecular techniques
|
|
|
what is a thermocycler?
|
a machine that adjusts different temperatures at different times
|
|
|
Waht is taq polymerase?
|
a heat stable DNA poly used in PCR procedure, that was isolated from Thermus aquaticus...a thermophilic organism
|
|
|
Waht is used to control the growth of insects on plants?
(known as a microbial insecticide...) |
Bacillus Thuringiensis
|
|
|
What is Amantadine (Symmetrel) used to treat?
|
Influenza A
|
|
|
What is the early stage of a Bacteriophage (bacterial virus) called?
|
A prophage (provirus)
prophage--> bacteriophage |
|
|
When Ampicillin and Clindamycin (antibiotics) are given in large amounts for treatments of diseases, what happens in your GI tract?
|
You kill off your WBC's and Clostridium difficile causes an antibiotic-associated intestinal disease called AAPMC
|
|
|
When was Zyvox/Linezolid approved?
|
2000
|
|
|
What is Zyvox/Linezolid?
|
a new antibiotic that is used to treat antibiotic-resistant organisms such as SA, and EF
|
|
|
Waht is a recombinant DNA molecule?
|
has a couple different DNA in it
|
|
|
What is important about an Ideal Anti-microbial that has to do with toxocity?
|
It should be Selective Toxocity...meaning, it should kill organism, and not the host cell
|
|
|
What is important about an Ideal Anti-microbial that has to do with its ability to reach the organism?
|
It better be able to reach the organism WHEREVER it is in the body...and by the time it reaches that organism, still have enough of a dose of antimicrobial to kill the organism
|
|
|
What is important about an Ideal Anti-microbial that has to do with normal human immunity functions...
|
The anti-microbial better not interfere with basic body functions...such as phagocytosis, and anti-bodies (immunoglobulins)
|
|
|
What are cephlosporins?
|
A large group of Anti-microbials...that are cephlosporic...
|
|
|
What are the first generation of Cephlosporin called?
|
Cephalothin
|
|
|
What are SECOND generation of Cephlosporin called?
|
Cephoxitin
|
|
|
What is the THIRD gen of Cephlosporin called?
|
Cephoperazone
|
|
|
Waht is an extended range Penicillin called?
|
Ampicillin, and Amoxicillin
|
|
|
What are BLR penicillin's?
|
Beta-lactomase-Resistant penicillins...
|
|
|
What are examples of BLR's?
|
Penicillinase, Methacil, Dicloxicillin, and Nafocillin
|
|
|
What is a combination penicillin?
|
penicillin and another thing
|
|
|
What are two examples of a combination penicillin?
|
Augment, and Trimentin
|
|
|
Which Penicillin is extremely harsh...has bad side effects?
|
Amphoteracin B
|
|
|
What are beta-lactomases?
|
organisms that can produce a product that disables Beta-Lactame ring
|
|
|
Which organisms are beta-lactomases? (organisms that break down Beta-lactame ring)
|
SA, NG, and Homopholous I
|
|
|
What is an RTF?
|
(A type of plasmid) Resistance-Transfer-Factor...= resistance genes.
These are 6 different types of antibodies/antibiotics...Gram (-) rods hook up with them, and make them uber-resistant |
|
|
What is the Kirby-Bauer technique?
|
Using a huge plate...suspension of organism....looking for "zones."
|
