Micro Test 3

Front 1

What is the difference between bacteria and archabacteria

Back 1

Archabacteria have no peptidoglycan

Front 2

What is the endosymbionic theory?

Back 2

The idea that long ago our cells adopted mitochondria into the cell in a symbionic relationship, plants adopted mitochondria and chloroplasts

Front 3

What are dichotomous keys?

Back 3

Flowcharts of tests to reach a conclusion of species by biochemical testing (gives you 2 choices after tests)

Front 4

What are the 3 domains

Back 4

Archabacteria, Prokaryotes, Eukaryotes

Front 5

When is an organism considered a clade?

Back 5

When it is genetically only 70% or less in genetic likeness

Front 6

What is a clade?

Back 6

a "branch" on the genetic tree

Front 7

Describe Ricketsia

Back 7

small, causes typhus and spotted fever, transmitted by flees, ticks, lice

Front 8

What is an example of the microbiology "bible"

Back 8

Bergey's Manual

Front 9

What is serology

Back 9

testing with serums and blood which recognize surface protiens

Front 10

Describe Neisseria gonorrhae and N. meningitidis

Back 10

diagnosed by growth on chocolate agar with elevated CO2

Front 11

Describe Pseudomonas

Back 11

opportunistic pathogens, make fluorescein

Front 12

Describe Bordetella pertussis

Back 12

Causes wooping cough

Front 13

Describe Vibrios

Back 13

cause cholera, bad dehydrating diarrhea (shell fish poisoning

Front 14

What do we need to know about Francisells tularensis

Back 14

carried by bunny rabbits

Front 15

What do we need to know about Helicobacter pylori

Back 15

causes digestive system ulcers, Salmonella and Listeria but USDA adds phage to meats and kills them

Front 16

What do we need to know about Clostridium

Back 16

endospore formation when stressed, C. botulinim, C. perfringens causes gas gangrene

Front 17

What do we need to know about Mycoplasmas

Back 17

a problem in cell culture, obligate intracellular parasites that use cells to repicate, pneumonia

Front 18

What do we need to know about Mycobacteria?

Back 18

detect with acid fast stain because of thick cell waxy walls, causes leprosy and tuberculosis

Front 19

What do we need to know about Corynebacterium?

Back 19

causes pseudomembrane(biofilm in throat) and diptheria, deteced with tinsdale agar, pleomorphic

Front 20

What is pleomorphic

Back 20

many different morphologies (chinese letters)

Front 21

What do we need to know about Fungi

Back 21

yeast and molds, have cell walls made of chitin but cant photosynthesize

Front 22

What do we need to know about lichens

Back 22

symbiotic relationship between fungi and algae, can grow in harch conditions because they can photosynthesize

Front 23

What are Helminths

Back 23

parasitic worms

Front 24

What is the phylum Platyhelminths

Back 24

Flatworms

Front 25

What is the class trematodes

Back 25

flukes- invade major organs and swim in blood

Front 26

What is the class Cestodes

Back 26

tapeworms- have scolex to latch on to intestinal wall and suck blood. segments break off and make eggs to infest elsewhere

Front 27

What is phylum Nematoda

Back 27

roundworms- pinworms and thrichinella worms (undercooked pork)

Front 28

What are fungi

Back 28

yeast and molds, cell walls made of chitin but cant photosynthesize

Front 29

what are lichens

Back 29

symbiotic relationship between fungi and algae that are rubust and hardy in nature, can photosynthesize

Front 30

how do fungi reproduce

Back 30

they have both sexual and asexual spores

Front 31

what caused the potato famine in Ireland in the mid 1800's

Back 31

mold

Front 32

what is the color of algae

Back 32

green near surface red the deeper you get in order to absorb the deep penetrating blue waves

Front 33

what are diatoms

Back 33

made from 2 plates of silica glass

Front 34

what are dinoflagellates

Back 34

cause of the red tide and fish kills

Front 35

What do we need to know about plasmodiums

Back 35

there are 4 species and cause malaria due to mosquitos, live in red blood cells

Front 36

What do we need to know about viruses

Back 36

obligate intracellular parasites that need host cell to replicate then cause it to lyse and spread to other cells

Front 37

what is the size of viruses

Back 37

20nm to 1000nm or one micron

Front 38

describe the basic virus structure

Back 38

polyhedral(icosahedral-20 sides) capsid made of protien units called capsomeres

Front 39

What do we need to know about virions

Back 39

virus particles can have a lipid envelope from budding out of host cell but the glycoprotien spikes stick through so it can attach and invade a new host cell

Front 40

What do we need to know about smallpox

Back 40

deadly but eradicated due to immunization worldwide in 1979 becasue of edward jenner's cowpox

Front 41

Chicken pox

Back 41

varicell zoster-related to herpes. can cause cold sores and shingles. they live in neurons and when you get stressed they come out

Front 42

Phages

Back 42

(lunar landers) used in biotech to package and deliver some genes for replication/amplification usda uses them in meats

Front 43

prions

Back 43

stanely pruissner got nobel prize for his theory on not following central dogma, instead they transform protiens from PrPc to PrPsc, causes mad cow and laughign disease

Front 44

what are the 2 branches of the immune system and what do they do

Back 44

humoral- makes antibodies

Cell mediated immunity- t cells and nk cells kill cancers, parasites and viruses directly

Front 45

What do we need to know about lymphocytes

Back 45

B-cells- become plasms cells that produce antibodies

t cells- when low sign of hiv

natual killer cells-do not need antibodies to kill

Front 46

how do antibodies work

Back 46

antibodies fix onto foriegn cells and lyse them by punching holes or flagging them for nk or t cells, can also bind to and neutralize toxins directly