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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Lower RT
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free of microbes due to constant removal of foreign particles by cilia
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Upper RT
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inhibited by streptococci, staphylococci, neisseriar, diphtheroids and yeasts
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Most Upper RT infections are
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viral
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Strep throat
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Streptococcus pyogenes, pyogenic (pus), fever, throat inflammation, glandular swelling
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strep throat can lead to
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S. pyogenes. scarlet fever, rheumatic fever, and acute glomerulonephritis
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S. pyogenes treatment
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penicillin
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Scarlet fever
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lysogenic strainof S. pyogenes. erythrogenic toxin - red rash and strawberry tongue
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Rheumatic fever
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characterized by lesions on heart, joints, skin. 2-3 weeks after strep throat
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Acute glomerulonephritis
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kids after strep throat. edema, hypotension and blood in urine
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Necrotizing faciitis
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S. pyogenes. rapid destruction of fibrous tissue (encloses and separates muscle)
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Another name of streptococcus pneumoniae
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pneumonococcus
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Bacterial pneumonia
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S. pneumoniae. 2ndary infection to viral upper RT tract. Complications - Meningitis, pleurisy (pleura inflammation), abscess formation, septicema
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Legionnaire's Disease
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Legionella pneumophila. aerobic gram - rod. high fever, headaches, 2-10 day incubation. bronchopneumonia. pontiac fever.
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Bordella pertussis
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gram -, coccobacillus. droplets - highly contagious. severe coughing - gasps for air (whoops). dangerous in children. exotoxin, extracytoplasmic adenylate cyclase - cAMP contribute to pathogenesis
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Corynebacterium diphtheriae
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diptheria. gram + rod. dipheria exotoxin cleaves into A and B. grayish membrane, necrosis and swelling in throat.
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Tuberculosis
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis. slow growth. droplet.
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Meningitis
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H. influenzae type b. Hib vaccine. infection of membrane around brain and spinal cord
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Most common cause of illness
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respiratory tract
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second most common illness
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digestive tract
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When is the oral cavity colonized?
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during and after birth
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Dental plaque
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60-70% bac. embedded in polysaccharide-glycoprotein matrix.
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Dental caries
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destruction of tooth enamel by acid forming bacteria (Streptococcus mutans). Makes dextrans from sucrose to adhere
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Gingivitis
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trench mouth. most common peridonatal disease. necrosis of gums
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Helicobacter pylori
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peptic ulcers. pH becomes less acidic in lower small intestine. Bac diversity and number increase.
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Food infection
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infectious agent establishes active infection in small intestine. infecction has to multiply
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Food intoxication
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symptoms are result of food or water contaminated by Clostridium botulinum, Clostridium perfringes, Staph aureus
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botulism
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uncommon in US (50/yr). C. botulism. potent neurotoxin - 8 types. symptoms - weakness, dizziness, dry mouth, blurred vision. 18-36 hours post injection
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Infant botulism
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get from eating dirt. Symptoms - weakness, weak neck, paralysis, respiratory problems, impaired sucking ability
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Botulism toxin amount to die
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1 ug. need to get antitoxin immediately!!
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S. aureus food intoxication
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6 toxins. nauseam cramps, vomitting, diarrhea. 1-6 hours. resolve in 1-2 days
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Cholera
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fecal matter contaminated water. Vibrio cholerae. rice water stools, vomitting, loss of appetite. Toxin turns ATP to cAMP
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Typhoid fever
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Salmonella typhi. starts in stomach spread to blood. Rose collored spots on abdomen.
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Salmonellosis
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Salmonella enteriditis. GI disease: fever cramps, nausea, diarrhea, cramps. Raw eggs
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Shigellosis
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bacillary dysentary. Shigella sonnei (75%) Shigella flexneri (25%). fever cramps, blood and mucous in feces
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Campylobacter
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abortion in cattle
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Viral hepatitis
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6 types of virus. A, B, C, D, E, and G. RNA enterovirus, infects intestine and spreads by blood to liver, kidney, and spleen. loss of apetite, nausea, diarrhea, fever, discomfort, and jaundice
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Propionibacterium acnes
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principal bac on skin. thought to cause acne
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Corynebacterium xerosis
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gram -, causes body odor
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Pyodermas
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s. aureus, S. pyogenes. imples to large lesions. furunculosis, erysipelas, impetigo, and scalded skin syndrome
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Furunculosis
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infection of hair folicle, boil forms. could form carbuncle
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Erysipelas
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st. elmo's fire. bright red patches on skin
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Impetigo
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small pustule become crusted and highly infectious
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Scalded skin syndrome
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S. aureus. infant to 4. exofoliatin cause of red skin rash
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Leprosy
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hansen's disease. mycobacterium leprae. lasts for 20-40 years. acid fast rod
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Indeterminant leprosy
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lesions. 75% of cases it doesn't go further
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lepromatous phase
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disfiguring lesions
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treatment of leprosy
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rifampin. more prevalent in tropics. first case in Florida
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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burn victims. antimicrobial resistance
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Rickettsia
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given by fleas, lice, ticks, and mites, Typhus, rocky mountain spotted fever
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How many deer ticks are infected in US?
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80%
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Most common cause of UTI
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E. coli
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Stages of Syphilis
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primary - chancre 2-3 weeks after exposure. Secondary - skin rash, fever, lesions in body and organs. Tertiary several years after exposureskin lesions and infection of nervous system.
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Nongonococcal urethritis
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Chylamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma urealyticum. inflamation of the urethra
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Toxic shock syndrome
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S. aureus
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AIDS
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discovered in 81. retrovirus. cannot be treated
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common source epidemic vs. propogated epidemic
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group of ppl exposed at same time (botulism from same restaurant) vs. transmitted from one host to another via direct contact or vector (kid giving measles to whole class)
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Endemic
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disease that is constantly present, measles or gonnorrhea
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Mortality
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deaths per 1000
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morbidity
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cases of disease in pop
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prevalence rate
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existing cases
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incidence rate
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number of new cases
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morbidity and mortality rates differ with
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age, sex, and race
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Nosocomial infections
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hospital infections. 10% of patients
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CDC bioterrorism
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Category A - High priority, B - moderate, C - emerging pathogens
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