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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Virus structure
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DNA (linear or circular) or RNA surrounded by a protein coat
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Most viral genomes contain ___ genes
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few. Genomes are small (200-300 proteins). a few thousand base pairs
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Capsid
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Protective coat around nucleic acid
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Nucleocapsid
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nucleic acid and the capsid
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Outer envelope of virus
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sometimes has glycoprotein spikes
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Influenza viruses have spikes that do what
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Hemeagglutination (RBC to cluster) and Neuraminidase (penetration of virus through mucus in Respiratory tract)
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What basic shapes do virusus use?
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polyhedral, helical, and binal
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Plant viruses
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Many are RNA. Don't penetrate (rely on existing damage). transmitted by insects
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Tobamovirus
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tobacco mosaic virus
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Animal viruses
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divided into DNA and RNA
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Animal DNA viruses replicate ____
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nucleus or cytoplasm
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Poxvirus
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small pox
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Parvoviridae
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smallest viruses of vertebrates. linear ssDNA. ex. Minute virus of Mice (MVM)
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Papillomavirus
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remains dormant in tissue and integrates into genome. Genital warts. over 60 types of HPV. 58% of cervical cancers
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Polyomovirus
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oncogenic virus - Monkey Kidney cells
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Herpesviridae
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Herpes simplex 1 and 2. cytomeglovirus. Epstein Barr. Varicella-Zoster. Herpes 6,7,8
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Cytomegelovirus
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congenital infections. mother to fetus. organ transplant. immunocompromised. spread by fluid. maybe lifelong
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Epstein-Barr virus
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mononucleosis - fever, malaise, pharyngistis and lymphadenopathy
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Varicella-Zoster virus
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chicken pox. remains latent in spinal cord. can become shingles
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Herpesvirus 6, 7, 8
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6 lymphoproliferative. 7 skin rash and chronic fatigue syndrome. 8 Karposi's sarcome.
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Picornaviridae
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coxsackievirus - myocarditis. poliovirus (Salk vaccine)
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Orthomyxoviridae
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influenza A, B, and C
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Rhabdoviridae
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rabies
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Lab cultivation of viruses
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done in special flask. special amino acids, vitamins, ions, buffers, and animal serum. Incubator with 5% CO2.
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|
|
assay of viruses
|
count with electron microscope on grid. doesn't distinguish live from dead.
|
|
|
Hemagglutination assay
|
virus that have hemegglutionatin spikes. assayed with RBC;s. they bridge and form clumps
|
|
|
Replication of viruses (5 steps)
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1. Attachment to Host. 2. penetration. 3. replication and synthesis of viral proteins. 4. assembly and maturation of new virus particles. 5. Release virus (steps 1-3 are eclipse phase)
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Inducing agents for lysogeny
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UV light and mitomycin C
|
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Strains that have lysogenic conversion
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C. diphtheriae, S. pyogenes and C. botulinum
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viroids
|
consist only of nucleic acid. protected bc tightly folded
|
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prions
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proteinaceous infectious particles. neurological disease in sheep, goat, and deer
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Kuru
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prion illness seen in cannibals
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Bovine spongiform encephalopathy
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mad cow disease. caused by prions
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Interferon
|
interferes with viral replication - specifically mRNA
|
|
|
Acylovir
|
drug given to people with genital herpes - nucleoside derivative
|
|
|
Virus structure
|
DNA (linear or circular) or RNA surrounded by a protein coat
|
|
|
Most viral genomes contain ___ genes
|
few. Genomes are small (200-300 proteins). a few thousand base pairs
|
|
|
Capsid
|
Protective coat around nucleic acid
|
|
|
Nucleocapsid
|
nucleic acid and the capsid
|
|
|
Outer envelope of virus
|
sometimes has glycoprotein spikes
|
|
|
Influenza viruses have spikes that do what
|
Hemeagglutination (RBC to cluster) and Neuraminidase (penetration of virus through mucus in Respiratory tract)
|
|
|
What basic shapes do virusus use?
|
polyhedral, helical, and binal
|
|
|
Plant viruses
|
Many are RNA. Don't penetrate (rely on existing damage). transmitted by insects
|
|
|
Tobamovirus
|
tobacco mosaic virus
|
|
|
Animal viruses
|
divided into DNA and RNA
|
|
|
Animal DNA viruses replicate ____
|
nucleus or cytoplasm
|
|
|
Poxvirus
|
small pox
|
|
|
Parvoviridae
|
smallest viruses of vertebrates. linear ssDNA. ex. Minute virus of Mice (MVM)
|
|
|
Papillomavirus
|
remains dormant in tissue and integrates into genome. Genital warts. over 60 types of HPV. 58% of cervical cancers
|
|
|
Polyomovirus
|
oncogenic virus - Monkey Kidney cells
|
|
|
Herpesviridae
|
Herpes simplex 1 and 2. cytomeglovirus. Epstein Barr. Varicella-Zoster. Herpes 6,7,8
|
|
|
Cytomegelovirus
|
congenital infections. mother to fetus. organ transplant. immunocompromised. spread by fluid. maybe lifelong
|
|
|
Epstein-Barr virus
|
mononucleosis - fever, malaise, pharyngistis and lymphadenopathy
|
|
|
Varicella-Zoster virus
|
chicken pox. remains latent in spinal cord. can become shingles
|
|
|
Herpesvirus 6, 7, 8
|
6 lymphoproliferative. 7 skin rash and chronic fatigue syndrome. 8 Karposi's sarcome.
|
|
|
Picornaviridae
|
coxsackievirus - myocarditis. poliovirus (Salk vaccine)
|
|
|
Orthomyxoviridae
|
influenza A, B, and C
|
|
|
Rhabdoviridae
|
rabies
|
|
|
Lab cultivation of viruses
|
done in special flask. special amino acids, vitamins, ions, buffers, and animal serum. Incubator with 5% CO2.
|
|
|
assay of viruses
|
count with electron microscope on grid. doesn't distinguish live from dead.
|
|
|
Hemagglutination assay
|
virus that have hemegglutionatin spikes. assayed with RBC;s. they bridge and form clumps
|
|
|
Replication of viruses (5 steps)
|
1. Attachment to Host. 2. penetration. 3. replication and synthesis of viral proteins. 4. assembly and maturation of new virus particles. 5. Release virus (steps 1-3 are eclipse phase)
|
|
|
Inducing agents for lysogeny
|
UV light and mitomycin C
|
|
|
Strains that have lysogenic conversion
|
C. diphtheriae, S. pyogenes and C. botulinum
|
|
|
viroids
|
consist only of nucleic acid. protected bc tightly folded
|
|
|
prions
|
proteinaceous infectious particles. neurological disease in sheep, goat, and deer
|
|
|
Kuru
|
prion illness seen in cannibals
|
|
|
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy
|
mad cow disease. caused by prions
|
|
|
Interferon
|
interferes with viral replication - specifically mRNA
|
|
|
Acylovir
|
drug given to people with genital herpes - nucleoside derivative
|
