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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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5 Steps for Viral Multiplication
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1) Adsorption
2)Penetration/Uncoating 3)Replication 4)Assembly 5) Release |
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Adsorption
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recognition of virus and hoast cell-attachment
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Penetration/Uncoating
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Entrance of Virion into cell through endocytosis or fusing with membrane
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Virion
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fully formed virus capable of infection
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Assembly
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mature virus particles assembled from pool of parts, Capsid shell forms, Nucleic Acid inserted, Enveloped viruses insert protein spikes in cell membrane
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Release
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Escape of virus from the cell. Cell lyses and dies
Release of enveloped virus eats away at cell membrane and the membrane surface deminishes causeing cell death |
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CPE
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cytopathic effect
-virally induced damage to host cell visible through microscope |
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Oncogenicity
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virus causes host cell to transform into cancer cell
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Latent State
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virus lies dormant in host cell-persistent infections
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Bacteriophages
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viruses that infect bacteria which can cause the bacteria to become pathogenic
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Cultivation/Identification of Animal Viruses
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-require living cell
-animal inoculation -bird embryos -cell or tissue culture look for plaques and CPE |
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Prions
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infectious protein particles
protein misfolded and highly resistant to treatment, can cause misfolding of protein in the host cell |
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Viroids
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naked strands of circular RNA-plant disease only-causes small underdeveloped plants
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Protein Coat
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Capsid surrounds nucleic acid and gives virus its shape
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Nucleocapsid
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Capsid + Nucleic Acid
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Envelope
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Cell membrane with protein spikes, part of last cell infected
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Protein Spikes
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allow attachment to new host cell-what immune system reacts to.
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Virus Nucleic Acid
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DNA or RNA-never both
Shape varies (single strand, double stranded, linear, circular, fragmented) |
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DNA/RNA polymerases
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enzyme contained in the virus for use in the host cell
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Acellular
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no cell membrane, no ribosomes
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Virus measurements
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20-450 nm
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Classification/Naming of Viruses
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3 orders, 63 families-ends in
-viridae, 263 genera- ends in -virus -Genus or common name used |
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Myco
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fungus like properties
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hyphae
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thread-like cells that compose filamentous fungi (molds)
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hyphae- septate
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cross-walls present-cells completely divided from one another
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hyphae-aseptate
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cross-walls absent
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Mycelia
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mass of hyphae
-form body of mold (colony-one organism) |
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Mycoses
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fungal infection-animal, plant & human
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fungal nutrition
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heterotrophic-decomposition followed by absorption
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Saprobe
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an organism that derives its nutrition from the dead remains of other organisms
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fungal asexual reproduction
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spores produced by mitosis
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fungal sexual reproduction
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spores produced through fusion of 2 parental nuclei-meiosis follows-haploid cell
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Phylum I-Zygomaycota
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Bread Molds-both reporoductive froms
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Phylum II-ascomycota
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Mushrooms, log growth-both reporoductive froms
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Phylum III- Basidiomycota
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Mushrooms, log grow-both reporoductive fromsth
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Phylum IV-Chytridomycota
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Chytrids, primitive fungi, many plant/animal parasites (no human)-both reporoductive froms
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Phylum V-Deuteromycota
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Stictly Asexual-some species moved to other Phylum due to the finding of sexual reproduction
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Protista
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Algae and Protozoa
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Algae
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photosynthetic
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Protozoa
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Heterotrophic, some parasitic
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Troph
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active feeding stage
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Cyst
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dormant stage
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Mastigophora
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flagella, many parasitic, bllod parasites, gardia trichomonas
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Sarcodina
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pseudopods-motezuma's revenge
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Ciliophora
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cilia, few parasites
-Balantidium coli-intestinal |
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Sporozoa
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no organelle for motility
complex life cycle-mostly parasitic sexual and asexual stages Toxoplasma |
