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8 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the Central Metabolic Pathway? |
Central catabolic pathway are glycolysis, transition step, through TCA cycle, in which glucose gets catabolized, with complete oxidation to carbon dioxide. Glucose oxidation in the central catabolic pathway produces reduced coenzymes (electron carriers). |
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What is Cellular Respiration? |
Respiration uses electron transport chain -- reactions that accept electrons from the reduced coenzymes and pass them finally to a terminal electron acceptor, releasing energy to maintain the proton motive force that can be use to synthesize ATP. |
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What is the role of anabolism and catabolism? |
Biosynthesis (Anabolism): the set of processes that cells use to synthesize and assemble the subunits of macromolecules, using ATP for energy. Catabolism: The set of chemical reactions that DEGRADE compounds, releasing their energy. Cells capture that energy and use it to make ATP Oxidizing glucose molecules to generate ATP, reducing powerv (NADH, FADH and NADPH) and precursor metabolites- accomplished using central metabolic pathways. |
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Give several important applications of knowledge about bacterial metabolism. |
Produce waste products Breakdown of nutrients Production of ATP Environmental (bioremediation) Probiotics (medical, healthcare) Industrial (polymers) Food (fermentation) Fermentation (carbon dioxide) Biofuels (alternative energy) Identification of MO's (biochemical tests) |
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Explain the role of enzymes in each chemical reaction in a living cell. |
Enzymes are proteins that function as biological catalysts, accelerating the conversion of one substance, the substrate, into another, the product. A specific enzyme facilitates each step of a metabolic pathway. Without enzymes, energy yielding reactions would still occur, but really slow. |
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Summarize what happens in glycolysis |
DOES NOT REQUIRE OXYGEN CAN OCCUR UNDER AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC CONDITIONS Oxidizes 1 6 carbon glucose to 2 pyruvates Net yield 2 ATP (by substrate level phosporylation) Yields 2 NADH + H+ NAD+ gets converted to NADH+ + H+ ADP + P gets converted to ATP (phosphorylation) |
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Transition Step |
Links previous pathways to the TCA cycle, involves several reactions catalyzed by a large multi enzyme complex. CO2 is first removed from pyruvate (decarboxylation.) Then, a redox reaction transfers electrons to NAD+, reducing it to NADH + H+. Finally, the remaining 2-carbon acetyl group is joined to a coenzyme A to form acetyl-CoA Occurs twice for every molecule of glucose that enters glycolysis |
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TCA cycle |
Completes the oxidation of glucose The cycle incorporates the acetyl groups from the transition step, ultimately releasing to molecules of CO2. In addition to generating ATP and reducing power, the steps of the TCA cycle form two more precursor metabolites. Two molecules of acetyl-CoA are generated for each glucose molecule that enters glycolysis, the breakdown of one molecule of glucose causes the TCA cycle o turn twice. Outcome: Yields: 2 aTP Yields: Redox reactions produce a total of 6 NADH + H+ and 2 FADH2 Now respiration has to be done. A little ATP was produced. Reducing power will drive respiration. |
