Micro Test 2 (22-24)

Front 1

Lamba (upside down y)

Back 1

the bacteriophage used as a cloning vector

Front 2

Wild type has ___ EcoRI sites. modified has ___

Back 2

five, one

Front 3

Shuttle vectors

Back 3

move DNA btw unrelated microbes and will replicate in both of them

Front 4

Expression vectors

Back 4

contain regulatory sequences that allow for over expression of genes (using stronger promoters)

Front 5

DNA library

Back 5

a collection of cloned DNA fragments from the genome of the organism

Front 6

cDNA

Back 6

library made from mRNA

Front 7

What bacteria is the host for cloned genes?

Back 7

E. coli, B. subtilis, S. cerevisiae (yeast)

Front 8

Methods of insertion into clone host

Back 8

transformation, transfection, and electroporation (power supply hooked up to a cuvette and expose them to electric current so they suck up the DNA). Electroporation has best result

Front 9

Detection of cloned gene

Back 9

Using protein probes or antibodies to detect the molecule. Nucleic acid probes recognize sequences and can filter

Front 10

Polymerase Chain reaction

Back 10

amplify DNA fragments in vitro (1. original dsDNA molcule is denatured at high temp 2. Oligonucleotide primers at low temp 3. used DNA polymerase to extend the target DNA

Front 11

Polymerase Chain reaction uses

Back 11

amplify DNA for tests or cloning

Front 12

How do we use rDNA technology with humans?

Back 12

Vaccine, detection and manufacture. vaccines (use the specific receptor with less by products), better detection of pathogens in the lab - used for detection, manufacture of recombinent proteins (humalin and interferon)

Front 13

How do we use rDNA technology without humans?

Back 13

shuttle vector btw bacteria and plant on Ti vector, protection of plant cells through the use of ice mutants of P. syringe (promote ice crystal formation), inserts Bt toxin genes that will kill insect enemies

Front 14

Taxonomy

Back 14

categorization of organisms into order. Helps show evolution

Front 15

Binomial system

Back 15

Genus species

Front 16

Taxonomy rank

Back 16

DDCOFGSS -Domain, Division, Class, Order, Familly, Genus, Species, Strain

Front 17

Who is responsible for the 5 kingdom system?

Back 17

Whittaker

Front 18

Woese theory

Back 18

Archea are ancient Lack muramic acid in cell wall,

Front 19

Numerical Taxonomy

Back 19

use enterotube and results by number and find org by number on computer (doesn't always work especially when bac is changed)

Front 20

G + C taxnomy

Back 20

melting temperature

Front 21

Nucleic acid hybridization

Back 21

read and compare DNA sequences

Front 22

DNA probes

Back 22

can be used from identification

Front 23

rRNA and phylogeny

Back 23

shows relationships especially between 16s rRNA

Front 24

Isolation of rRNA

Back 24

lysis, phenol extraction, RNA ppt with alcohol and salt, PCR to amplify

Front 25

Biggest micro manual

Back 25

Bergey's

Front 26

Stages of syphilis

Back 26

1. 10-90 chaucre like a zit on the face 2. septicema, communicable

Front 27

shirochetes features

Back 27

gram neg, slender coils. periplasmic flagella (2-100). Cytoplasm and nuclear region are in cell membrane-cell wall complex (protoplasmic cylinder)

Front 28

Shirochetes 5 genera

Back 28

Bored Christ tripped spiraling leper. Borrelia, Christispira, treponema, spirochaeta, leptospira

Front 29

Treponema pallidum

Back 29

syphillis

Front 30

Treponema pertenue

Back 30

yaws - a tropical disease on soles of feet and palms

Front 31

treponema carateum

Back 31

tropical disease that causes hyperpigmentation

Front 32

Borrelia burgdorferi

Back 32

causes lyme disease

Front 33

Leptospira interrogans

Back 33

leptospirosis - flu symptoms and liver disease

Front 34

Some ____ live symbiotically in insects and help them digest cellulose

Back 34

shirochetes

Front 35

Genus Spirillum

Back 35

largest bac. Freshwater and marine. recycle matter

Front 36

C. jejuni

Back 36

gastroenteritis

Front 37

Bdellovibrio

Back 37

Gram - should not get into bed with these. small bac that parasitize gram neg. live in periplasmic space

Front 38

What are restriction endonucleases?

Back 38

recognize and cleave certain sequences in DNA. 500 kinds. Leaves sticky overhangs

Front 39

Steps of Gene cloning (4)

Back 39

1. isolate or synthesize gene of interest. 2. incorporate it into the a cloning vector. 3. vector into host. 4. detection of gene in host

Front 40

Plasmids as cloning vectors

Back 40

Small (1,000 to 300,000 bps). can replicate independently of bacteria genome. multiple in cell means it can be amplifiied.