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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 3 ways antibacterials can inhibit cell wall synthesis?
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From the cytoplasm, from the membrane from outside the cell (peptidoglycan)
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What do Phase 1 antibacterial's do?
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Inhibit biosynthetic enzymes
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What are the two phase 1 antibacterials?
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Forsfomycin and Cycloserine
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What does Forsfomycin do?
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Inhibits UDP-GlcNac-3-pyruvyltransferase (an enzyme for cell wall synth)
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What does cycloserine do? when is it used?
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Inhibits Alanine Racemase and D-alonyl-d-alanine synthetase, thus preventing peptidoglycan cross-linking. Used for secondary tuberculosis treatment
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What are the 2 phase 2 antibacterials?
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Bacitracin and vancomycin.
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What does bacitracin do?
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acts on PYROPHOSPHATE of Uncercarprenyl alcohol, thus prevents transfer of MURAMYLPENTAPEPTIDE to PEPTIDOGLYCAN
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What does vancomycin do? When is it used? What is it's advantage?
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Inhibits TRANSGLYCOSYLATION/ PEPTIDATION reactions by binding to pentapeptide terminus. It is used only on G+ bacteria, (too large for G- bacteria). advantageous because treates b-lactam resistant bacteria
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What are the 4 phase 3 bacteria?
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Penicillin, Cephalosporins/cephamycin, Monobactams, and carbapenems
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What do phase 3 antibacterials do?
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Inhibit peptidoglycan polymerization
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How does penicillin work?
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it's Beta-lactam ring is acylated by the Transpeptidase that's used to polymerize peptidoglycan
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How do cephalosporins/cephamycin work?
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it's Beta-lactam ring is acylated by the Transpeptidase that's used to polymerize peptidoglycan
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What is the advantage of ceph's over penicillin?
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It is broader, and more resistant to beta-lactamase
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How do Monobactams work?
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it's Beta-lactam ring is acylated by the Transpeptidase that's used to polymerize peptidoglycan
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What do monobactams work on?
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Aerobic G- bacteria
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how do carbapenems work?
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it's Beta-lactam ring is acylated by the Transpeptidase that's used to polymerize peptidoglycan
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What are the 3 ways of beta-lactam resistance
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preventing PBP's from interacting w/ antibiotic in G- bacteria, modification of interaction between PBP and antibiotic, or use b-lactamase, hydrolyzes it.
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Isoniazid - what does it work on? how does it work? what are the methods of resistance to it?
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vegetative mycobacteria, inhibits mycolic acid synth, resistance thru decrased uptake, or alter enzymes
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What antibacterial functions to disrupt membranes? What is it's limitation?
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Polymyxins, only on G-, topical use only
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What are the 3 ways antibacterials inhibt Nucleic acid synthesis?
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Inhibit replication, damage DNA or inibt tx.
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What are antibacterials that inhibit DNA replication? How do they work?
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Quiniolines - inhibit Gyrase or Topoisomerase
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What are 3 Quinolines?
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Nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, and gatiflozacin
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What is Nalidixic acid an example of, what is it used for?
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A quinoline, used for UTI's (G-)
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What is a ciprofloxacin? what is it used for?
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a quinoline, used for G+ or G-
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What are antibacterials that damage DNA? How do they work?
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nitroimidazoles, inhibit anaerobes by enzymes that reduce itself, breaks DNA
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What is metronidazole?
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a nitroimidazole, it inhibits anaerobes thru enzymes that reduce itself, cause DNA strand breaks
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What are antibacterials that inhibit Tx? How does it work?
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Rifamycin, binds RNAP
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What is rifampin? how does it work? what is it effective against?
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a rifamycin, binds RNAp, kills M. Tuberc and G+'s
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How do antibacterials that inhibit protein synthesis work? what are they called?
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Aminglycosides, they inihbit the 30S subunit thus stopping initiation.
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What are aminoglycosides INEFFECTIVE against? what are aminoglycosides?
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inhibit protein syntheisis, don't work on anaerobes because O2 needed for uptake.
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What antibacterial works in synergy w/ beta-lactams? how is this?
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Aminoglycosides have increased uptake in the presences of beta's
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What are Kanamycin, Tobrycin, and gentamycin?
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aminoglycosides, inhibit 30S
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What is the greatest mode of resistance against aminoglycosides?
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enzymatic modification of the antibacterial.
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