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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is homeostasis
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the body way of maintaining a normal balance
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negative feedback
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and atagongistic system of checks and balances majority of bodys funtion is negiative feed back
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postitive feedback
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domino effect. one action cause anther untill stimius is stoped ie labor.
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hormone controlled and negitive feed back
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insuline level drops, signls live to produce more insulin and insuline incresses sensor stopes production.
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What is homeostasis
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the body way of maintaining a normal balance - dynamic constancy of the internal enviroment
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negative feedback
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and atagongistic system of checks and balances majority of bodys funtion is negiative feed back
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postitive feedback
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domino effect. one action cause anther untill stimius is stoped i.e. labor - amplify changes and be part of the action of an overall negitive feedback system
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hormone controlled and negitive feed back
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insuline level drops, signls live to produce more insulin and insuline incresses sensor stopes production.
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what are the primary tissues
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muscle, never, epithelia, connective
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what is the difference between Anatomy and Physiology
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Anatomy is the study of structure while physiology how cells,tissues and organs function
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what is scientific method
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1 confidence = in natural world it is true
2 description = what you see is what is 3 humility = admit wrong |
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how to get to a theroy
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hypothesis --> observation --> effect --> reaction --> theory --> widely held belief
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pharmaceutical trials
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4 stages 90% do not make it to stage 1 to toxic to teh body.
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describe the stages
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1st = test on healthy individuals
2nd = test on target population 3rd = across the country max 4th = try drug for other potential uses |
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Claude Bernard
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father of modern chemistry
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set point
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is the normal value of the body funciton
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effector
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is when a sendsor is activates
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what is the major function of the musce tissue?
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movement
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what is the major function of the nervus tissue
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commincation
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what is the major function of the epithial tisue
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covering and protection
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what is contive tissue
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all other tissue, binds, supports and is the battle grond for stopping infection
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what are the different type of muscle tissue
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cardiac = heart
smooth = lines esophagus blood vessel skeletal = voluntary |
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What are the two types of glands in the epithelial tissue
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exocrine = secrete chemicals througth a duct that leads to the outside of membrane
and endocrine = secrete chemicals called hormoes into blood |
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Integumentary
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protection, thermoregualtion
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nervous
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regulation of other body systems
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endocrine
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secretion of regulatory molecules called hormos
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skeletal
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movement and support
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muscular
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movement of of the skeleton
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circulatory
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movement of blood and lymph
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immune
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defense fo the body against invading pathogens
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respiratory
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gas exchange
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urinary
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regulation of blood volume and composition
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digestive
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breakdown of food into molecules that enter the body
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reproductive
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continuation of the human species
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what is a pacinian corpuscle
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a deep pressure sensory neuron
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what are the three layers of the skin
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epidermis, dermis, hypodermis
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what are the systems that regulatae homeostasis in the body
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the nervous and endocrine systems provide extrinsic regulation
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Glands are derived from
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epitherlial tissue
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cells are joied closely together in
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epitherlial tissue
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cells are separated by large extracellular spaces in
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connective tissues
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blood vessels and nerves are usually located within
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connective tissues
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most organs are composed of
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epithelial tissues
muscle tissues connective tissues |
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sweat is secreted by exxocrine glands
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it is secreted into a duct
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describe homeostasis
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negative feedback mechanisms act to correct deviations from a normal range within the internal environment
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in a negative feedback loop the effector organ produces changes that are
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opposite in directon to the change produced by teh initial stimulus,
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A hormone called parathyroid hormone acts to help raise the blood calcium concentration. According to the prinicples of negative feedback and effective stimulus for parathyroid hormone secreation would be
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a raise in blood Ca+
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which of these consists of dense parallel arrangements of collagen fibers
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tendons
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the act of breathing raises the blood oxygen level, loweres the blood CO2 concentrations and raises the blood pH according to the principles of negative feedback sensors that regulate breathing should respond to
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a rise in blood carbon dioxide concentratoin
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which of these statements about atoms in ture
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they are electrrically neutral
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the bond between O2 and hydrogen in a H2O molecule is
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a polar covalent bond
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which of these is a nonpolar covalent bond
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bond between two Carbon
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Soluction A has a PH of 2 and solution B has a pH of 10 what can be said
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solutions A has a higher H concentration than soulution B
Solution B is basic Solution A is acidic |
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Glucose is
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a monosaccharide
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Digestion reactions occur by means of
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hydrolysis
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Carbohydrates are stored int eh liver muscles in the form of
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glycogen
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lecithin is
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a phospholipid
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which of these lipids have regulatory roles in the body
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steroids prostaglandins
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The tertiary structure of a protein is directly determined by
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the primary structure of the protein
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the type of bond formed between two molecules of water is
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a hydrogen bond
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the carbon-to-nitrogen bond that joins amino acids together is called
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a petptide bond
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the RNA nucleotide base that pairs with adenine in DNA is
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uracil
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if four bases in one DNA strands are A, G C, T the complementary bases in the RNA strands made from this region are
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UCGA
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according to the fluid-mosaic model of the plasma membrane
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proteins are free to move within a double layer of phospholids
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after the DNA molecule ahs replicated itself, the duplicate strands are called
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chromatids
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Nerve and skeletal muscle cells in teh adult, which do not divide remain in the
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G1 phase
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The phase of mitiosis in which the chromosomes line up at teh equator of the cell is called
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metaphase
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The phase of mitosis in which the chromatids separate is called
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anaphase
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Chemical modifications of histone proteins are belived to directly influence
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genetic translation
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which of these statements about RNA is true
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it is made in the nucleus
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the organell that combines proteins with carbohydrates and packages them within vesicles for secretion is the
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Golgi complex
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the organell that contains digestive enzymes is
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the lysosomes
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which of these description of rRna is true
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It is produced in the nucleolus
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thich of these statement about tRNA is true
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it loops back on itself
it is made in teh nucleus it contains the anticodon there are over twenty different types |
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the step in protein synthesis during whcih tRNA, rRna, and mRNA are all active is know as
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translation
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the anticodons are located in
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tRNA
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