Micro Test 1

Front 1

acidophile

Back 1

an organism that grows best at acidic pH values

Front 2

autotroph

Back 2

an organsim able to utilize CO2 as a sole source of carbon

Front 3

chemolithotroph

Back 3

an organism obtaining its energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds

Front 4

chemoorganotroph

Back 4

an organism obtaining its energy from the oxidation of organic compounds

Front 5

complementary

Back 5

nucleic acid sequences that can base-pair with each other. A-T G-C

Front 6

conjugation

Back 6

Transfer of genes from one porkaryotic cell to another by a mechanism involving cell-to cell contact

Front 7

endergonic reaction

Back 7

A chemical reaction requiring an input of energy to proceed

Front 8

evolutionary distance

Back 8

In phylogenetic trees, the sum of the physical distance on a tree separating organisms; this distance is inversely proportional to evolutionary relatedness

Front 9

exergonic reaction

Back 9

A chemical reaction that proceeds with the liberation of energy

Front 10

exons

Back 10

The coding sequences in a split gene. Contrast with Introns, the intervening noncoding regions

Front 11

extreme halophile

Back 11

An organism whose growth is dependent on large amounts (generally greater than 10 percent) of NACL

Front 12

extremophile

Back 12

An organism that grows optimally under one or more chemical or physical extremes, such as high or low temperature or pH

Front 13

fluorescent

Back 13

Having the ability to emit light of a certain wavelength when activated by light of another wavelength

Front 14

genotype

Back 14

The precise genetic constitution of an organism.

Front 15

halophile

Back 15

An organism requiring salt (NaCl) for growth

Front 16

heteroduplex

Back 16

A double tranded DNA in which on strand is from one source and the toher strand is from another, usually related, source

Front 17

heterotroph

Back 17

chemoorganotroph

Front 18

hybridization

Back 18

The natural formation or artifical construction of a duplex nucleic acid molecule by copmlementary base pariing between two nucleic acid strands derived from different sources

Front 19

hyperthermophile

Back 19

a prokaryote having a growth termperature optimum of 80 degree Celsius or higher

Front 20

introns

Back 20

The interveningn noncoding sequences in a split gene. Contrasted with exons, the coding sequences.

Front 21

macromolecule

Back 21

a large molecule (polymer) formed by the connection of a numer of small molecules(monomers)

Front 22

mesophile

Back 22

organism living in the temperature range near that of warm-blooded animals, and usually showing a growth temperature optimum between 25 and 40 degrees Celsius

Front 23

metazoa

Back 23

multicellular organisms

Front 24

molecule

Back 24

two or more atoms chemically bonded to one another

Front 25

monomer, polymer

Back 25

a building block of a polymer
a large molecule formed by polymerization of monomeric units

Front 26

neutrophile

Back 26

an organism that grows best around pH 7

Front 27

nucleic acid probe

Back 27

a strand of nucleic acid that can be labeled and used to hybridize to a copmlementary moleucle from a mixture of other nucleic acids. In clinical microbiology or microbial ecology, short oligonucleotides of unique sequences used as hybridization probe for identifying pahtogens or other organisms of interest

Front 28

nucleotide

Back 28

a monomeric unit of nucleic acid , consisiting of a sugar, a phosphate and a nitrogenous base

Front 29

operon

Back 29

a cluster or genes whose experession is controlled by a single operator. typical of prokaryotic cells

Front 30

peptide bond

Back 30

a type of covalent bond joining amino acids in a polypeptide