2 (Micro A)

Front 1

Removal of ALL life including bacterial spores

Back 1

Sterilization

Front 2

Inhibition, removal or killing of microorganisms using chemical agents; usually on inanimate objects. Does it remove spores ?

Back 2

Disinfection. And no, it does not remove spores

Front 3

Moist heat destroys vegetative bacteria at

Back 3

100C for 10-15minutes

Front 4

Autoclave is the most effective method and performed at

Back 4

Steam under pressure

121C 15psi for 15mins

or

132C 15psi for 30-60mins

Front 5

Biological indicator for autoclave is

Back 5

Bacillus thearothermopillus

Front 6

- Heating (kills vegetative cells)

- Incubation (allows spores to germinate)

- Heating (kills remaining cells)

Back 6

Fractional/Intermittent Sterilization (Tyndallization)

Front 7

Uses Arnold's sterilizer

Back 7

Fractional/Intermittent steri.

Front 8

Fractional/Intermittent sterilization is performed at

Back 8

100C for 30mins for 3 consec. days

Front 9

Used to disinfect/sterilize culture media, glassware & liquids

Back 9

Autoclave

Front 10

Involves thickening through evaporation

Used to sterilize protein rich medium

Back 10

Inspissation

Front 11

What are the tree types of Pasteurization methods?

Back 11

1. Low temp holding

2. High temp holding

3. Ultra high temp.

Front 12

Low temp pasteurization is performed at

Back 12

63C for 30mins

Front 13

High temp short time pasteurization is performed at

Back 13

72C for 15sec

Front 14

Ultra high temp pasteurization is performed at

Back 14

140C for 3 sec. and cooled quickly in a vacuum

Front 15

Known as "Batch Method" pasteurization

Back 15

Low temp holding

Front 16

High temp short time is also known as

Back 16

Flash pasteurization

Front 17

Used for disinfecting inoculating loop & needle

Back 17

Flaming (direct heating)

Front 18

Temp used for oven

Back 18

Dry heat

160-180C for 1.5-2 hrs

Front 19

What is the biological indicator for oven?

Back 19

B. subtilis var niger

Front 20

Most common method of treating infectious waste and infected lab animals.

Back 20

Incineration

Front 21

Incineration is performed at what temp?

Back 21

870 - 980 C

Front 22

Method of choice for sterilization of antibiotic solutions, toxic chemicals, vaccines and antibiotics

Back 22

Filtration

Front 23

Liquid filtration uses what?

Back 23

Cellulose acetate & cellulose nitrate

Front 24

Air filtration uses what?

Back 24

High Efficiency Particulate Air filter. (HEPA filter)

Front 25

Absence of water rendering microbes unable to grow/reproduce.

Back 25

"Freeze drying"

Dessication & Lyophilization

Front 26

Uses high concentrations of salt and sugar to create hypertonic environments

Back 26

Osmotic pressure

Front 27

A hypertonic environment leads to ___________ in which the water goes out of the cell.

Back 27

Plasmolysis

Front 28

The biological indicator for radiation is

Back 28

B. pumilis

Front 29

__________ radiation has a shorter wavelength (higher energy) and is used to sterilize plastic syringes, sutures, catheters and gloves.

Back 29

Ionizing radiation

Front 30

Type of radiation that has longer wavelength (lower energy)

used to disinfect surfaces, air, operating rooms and nurseries.

Back 30

Non-ionizing radiation

Front 31

The shortest period of time needed to kill bacteria at a prescribed temp

Back 31

Thermal death time

Front 32

Lowest temperature at which bacteria is killed is called

Back 32

Thermal death point

Front 33

Alcohol (70%) causes

Back 33

Denaturation of proteins and dissolution of lipid membrane

Front 34

Destroys organisms by oxidation (I.E. tineture of iodine)

Back 34

Halogens

Front 35

Give some examples of Salts of heavy metals

Back 35

Copper

sulfate

mercuric chloride

silver nitrate

Front 36

Inactivated by organic substances (salt, hard water, minerals)

Back 36

QUATS

I.E. Benzalkonium chloride

Front 37

An example of gas sterilization is

Back 37

Ethylene oxide

Front 38

Measures bactericidal activity of a compound in relation to phenol. (The higher the value the better disinfectant)

Back 38

Phenol coefficient

Front 39

Interpret PC>1

Back 39

Disinfectant is Better than phenol

Front 40

Interpret PC=1

Back 40

Disinfectant is Equal to phenol

Front 41

Interpret PC<1

Back 41

Disinfectant is Less effective than phenol

Front 42

Liquid culture mediums contain ________% agar. Give an example.

Back 42

0% agar; Trypticase Soy Broth

Front 43

Semi solid medium contains ______% agar. Give an example.

Back 43

0.5% - 1% agar; Sulfide Indole Motility (SIM)

Front 44

Solid medium contains _____ % agar and maybe liquiefiable or non-liquiefiable

Back 44

2-3% agar

(chopped meat or rice grains)

Front 45

In this medium, all components are known (chemically defined)

Back 45

Synthetic medium

Front 46

This medium has a presence of at least 1 component that is not chemically defined.

Back 46

Complex medium.

Front 47

This medium uses components such as Hepa 2 cells.

Back 47

Tissue culture

Front 48

Also known as "supportive or basal media. "

Back 48

Gen. Isolation media

Front 49

Supports growth of most non fastidious(not demanding) bacteria; no growth advantage is given to any group.

Back 49

Gen. Isolation media

Front 50

Also known as Non selective Isolation media and contains a nutrient supplement.

Back 50

Enriched media

Front 51

Give examples of Gen. Isolation media

Back 51

Nutrient agar/broth

Front 52

Give examples of Enriched media.

Back 52

Chocolate and blood agar

Front 53

This media provides distinct colonial appearances of microorganisms to aid in identification.

Back 53

Differential media.

Front 54

Give some examples of Differential media.

Back 54

MAC, EMB

Front 55

Throat cultures are usually used to diagnose

Back 55

Group A Strep.

Front 56

Nasopharynx cultured with a wire swab can be used to diagnose

Back 56

Bordetella pertussis

Front 57

A nasopharynx culture can determine the carrier status of what two bacteria ?

Back 57

S. aureus & N. meningitides

Front 58

What is the preferred specimen to diagnose pneumonia ?

Back 58

Expectorated sputum

Front 59

Why is the first morning sputum specimen recommended ?

Back 59

Because it contains a more pooled bacteria <10 epith. cells

Front 60

Used to asses quality of sputum

Back 60

Bartlett's Classification

Front 61

What types of urine specimen are not accepted?

Back 61

Foley catheter and bagged urine

Front 62

Uncultured urine must be refrigerated at

Back 62

4C

Front 63

The highest concentration of bacteria occurs before the fever strikes, but you should collect blood when ?

Back 63

During the fever

Front 64

No more than 3 sets of blood should be collected in 24hrs. How much should you collect for an adult and pediatric patient?

Back 64

Adult : 20ml

Pediatric : 1-10ml

Front 65

What type of specimen is collected via Lumbar Puncture and must go under cytocentrifugation to enhance detection of bacteria ?

Back 65

CSF specimen

Front 66

You must screen CSF specimen quickly to look for presence of bacteria by performing

Back 66

Gram staining or a simple stain

Front 67

Trichomonas may be identified using ____________________ while N. gonorrheae requires ________ to grow.

Back 67

Wet mount

Chocolate agar

Front 68

For collecting a wound/abscess specimen the best method is using a __________ because it avoids collection of normal flora

Back 68

Needle & Syringe

Front 69

Antibiotic susceptibility test that adds various conc. of antibiotics to individual plates.

Back 69

Agar disk diffusion

Front 70

First tube in well and shows no bact. growth

Back 70

Min. Inhbibitory Concentration (MIC)

Front 71

Lowest concentration that kills 99.9% of standard inoculum

Back 71

Min. Bacterial Conc.

Front 72

Gives a quantitative value and has predefined antibiotic conc. on plastic strip.

Back 72

Epsilometer test (E test)

Front 73

Automated system for Antibiotic Susceptibilty Testing

Back 73

VITEK

Front 74

Antibiotic Susceptibility Test for Mycobacteria

Back 74

Disc Elution Test

Front 75

Kirby Bauer Disk Diffusion

Uses :

Medium :

pH :

Depth :

Condition :

Temp. :

Incubation period :

Standard :

Back 75

Kirby Bauer Disk Diffusion

Uses : pure culture

Medium : M. Hinton agar

pH : 7.2 - 7.4

Depth : 4mm

Condition : Aerobic environ.

Temp. : 36-37C

Incubation period : 16-18hrs

Standard : 0.5 McFarland stand.

Front 76

Heavy inoculum gives a false resistant result because

Back 76

There's too much bacteria

Front 77

A thick medium gives false resistant results because

Back 77

It gives smaller zones of inhibition

Front 78

An increased pH gives false resistant results for

Back 78

Tetracycline

Erythromycin

Clindamycin

Front 79

A delay in disc application gives false resistant results because

Back 79

The delay causes bacteria accumulation

Front 80

A decrease in pH gives false resistant results for

Back 80

Aminoglycosides & erythromycin

Front 81

What are 3 examples that might give a false sensitive result.

Back 81

Light inoculum

Thin medium

Old culture

Front 82

Inhibits growth of one organism while enhancing growth of another.

Back 82

Enrichment broth

Front 83

Selenite broth contains

Tetrathionate broth contains

Back 83

Sodium hydrogen selenite

Bile salts and thiosulfate

Front 84

__________ inhibits growth of bacteria not sought after

Back 84

Selective media

Front 85

_______ pathogens grow best at 30-37C

Back 85

Mesophilic

Front 86

_______ pathogens grow best at low temperatures of -5 to 15C

Back 86

Psychrophilic

Front 87

_______ pathogens grow best between 20-30C

Back 87

Psychrotroph

Front 88

_______ pathogens grow best at 50-60C

Back 88

Thermophilic

Front 89

_______ pathogens grow best above temperature of boiling water

Back 89

Hyperthermophilic

Front 90

Have absolute oxygen requirement. I.e. Pseudomonas

Back 90

Strict/obligate aerobe

Front 91

Can multiply in presence of oxygen

Back 91

Facultative anaerobe

Front 92

Have absolute oxygen requirement. I.e. Pseudomonas

Back 92

Strict/obligate aerobe

Front 93

Unable to multiply in the presence of oxygen

Back 93

Strict/obligate anaerobe

Front 94

Prefers to grow in presence of C02 and small amounts of oxygen

Back 94

Capnophilic

Front 95

Requires small amount of oxygen (2-10%) for aerobic respiration

Back 95

Micro aerophilic

Front 96

Grows in presence of oxygen but does not need it

Back 96

Aero tolerant