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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Bronchoconstriction is mediated by what two processes? |
1) Inflammatory process. 2) Parasympathetic tone. |
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What are beta-2-agonists used for? Name some examples. |
Asthma drugs. Albuterol (short-acting). For acute attacks. Salmeterol and fometerol (long-acting). For prophylaxis. |
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What are the adverse effects of salmeterol and fometerol? |
Tremor and arrhythmia. |
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What are methylxanthines used for? Name some examples. |
Asthma drugs. Example: theophyline. |
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What is the MOA of theophyline?
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PDE inhibitor, which increases levels of cAMP by reducing its hydrolysis.
Metabolized by the P-450 system. Blocks actions of adenosine (which is a bronchoconstrictor). |
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What are muscarinic antagonists used for?
Name an example. |
Used for asthma and COPD.
E.g. Ipratropium (short acting), tiotropium (long acting). |
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What is the MOA of ipratropium?
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Blocks muscarinic ACh receptors, preventing bronchoconstriction. Acts via the vagus n.
Also used for COPD. |
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What is the MOA of monteleukast and zafirleukast? |
Block leukotriene receptors. (asthma drug) Especially good for ASA-induced asthma. |
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What is the MOA for ziluton?
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Blocks conversion of arachidonic acid to leukotriene. (5-lypoxygenase pathway inhibitor).
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What is omalizumab? |
A monoclonal anti-IgE Ab. Used in allergic asthma resistant to other tx. |
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What is guaifenesin? |
Expectorant: thins respiratory secretions. Does not suppress cough reflex. |
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What is N-acetylcysteine used for?
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1) Antidote for acetaminophen OD.
2) Mucolytic: can loosen mucous plugs in CF pts. |
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What is bosentan? What is the MOA?
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Used to tx pulmonary HTN.
MOA: competitively antagonizes endothelin-1 receptos, thus decreasing vascular resistance. |
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What is dextromethorphan? What is the MOA? |
Antitussive. MOA: antagonizes NMDA glutamate receptors. Synthetic codeine analog, so mild potential for abuse. Naloxone can be given for OD. |
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What are pseudoephedrine and phenylephrine used for?
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Reduce nasal congestion, hyperemia, and edema; open obstructed eustachian tubes.
Pseudoephedrine is also used as a stimulant. |
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What is the MOA of pseudoephedrine and phenylephrine? |
Sympathetomimetic alpha-agonistic nonprescription nasal decongestant. |
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What is the toxicity of pseudoephedrine and phenylephrine? |
HTN, Pseudoephedrine can also cause anxiety and CNS stimulation. Especially in abuse. |
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What is methacholine? What is it used for? |
Methacholine is a muscarinic receptor agonist. Used in asthma challenge test. |
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Are H1 blockers reversible or irreversible? |
Reversible inhibitors of H1 histamine receptors. |
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What are some 1st generation H1 blockers? |
Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate, chlorpheniramine. |
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What are 1st generation H1 blockers used for? |
MOTION SICKNESS, allergy, sleep aid. |
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What are the toxicities of the 1st generation H1 blockers?
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Sedation (antihistamine)
Remember, anticholinergic drugs can cause delirium (e.g. oxybutynin, and tolterodine). |
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What are some 2nd generation H1 blockers? |
Loratadine, fexofenadine, desloratadine, cetirizine.
Usually ends in "-adine" |
