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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which are three of the genus' of pathogenic "spirochetes"? Describe general characteristics
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Borrelia, Leptospira, Treponema
Large group of heterogeneous of long, very slender & flexible, corkscrew-like G- bacteria which are hard to stain or grow. Darkfield microscopy usually needed to visualize |
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What are the symptoms of Treponema pertenue & T. carateum
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Chronic skin lesions in the tropics, usually - non-vernereal, assoc c/ insects & poor hygience
T. pertenue causes yaws and T. carateum causes pinta |
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Causative agent of Syphillis?
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Treponema pallidum
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Describe the stages of syphilis
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Primary - hard chancre, highly infections
Secondary - rash, highly infections Latent - Test positive by not infectious with no signs of disease Tertiary - CV, CNS lesions, no longer infections Also - congenital syphilis if mom had active disease |
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How is syphilis diagnosed?
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Can't be cultured, so must test for Abs against both treponemal and non-treponemal Ags in serum
Screening tests use cardiolipin (RPR VDRL tests) |
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How is Syphilis treated? What is the other bacteria that can always be treated with the same drugs as Syphilis
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Penicillin is always good against both syphilis and Strep A
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What is another kind of spiral bacteria besides spirochetes?
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Spirilla - G+ and rigid cell call (unlike spirochetes)
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Name pathogenic species of Borrelia & their associated diseases
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B. recurrentis - louse-born relapsing fever (due to changing Ags of the bug)
B. hermsii - tick born relapsing fever B. burgdorferi - Lyme disease (skin lesions & arthritis B. vincentii - Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis (ANUG) |
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Describe Leptospira interrogans transmission & infection
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Has 3 pathogenic serotypes, each assoc. with different animal
Transmission via animal urine Causes systemic "flu-like" infection that will localize in kidney Hemorrhage, jaundice and azotemia leading to death in serious cases |
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What is the treatment for spirochete infections?
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Penicillin is effective against most spirochetes.
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How are the 3 genera of pathogenic spirochetes differentiated?
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Borrelia is thicker & longer, coarse irrecular coils, many axial fibers, microaerophili
Treponema have tight regular coils with 6-10 axial fibrils- microaerophilic Leptospira are hooked at one or both ends and has only 2 axial fibrils |
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What do RPR and VDRL mean?
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Rapid Plasma Reagin - a macroscopic rapid test of anti-cardiolipin antibody on cardboard
Venereal Disease Research Lab - older, microsopic test for same antibodies. Gold standard test |
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What are FTA and FTA-ABS?
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Fluorescent Treponemal Antibody - an indirect fluorscents test for Ab
FTA-ABS - an FTA test where "normal flora" treponemes Abs are adsorbed to eliminate false positive |
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What happens to treponemal & non-treponemal antibodies post treatment?
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The non-treponemal antibodies will decline over months will successful treatment
Treponemal antibodies will last years and years |
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Another name for anti-cardiolipin antibody?
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Reagin - be careful because it's the same term used for IgE in allergies (though the two things aren't related)
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What can cause false positive test for syphillis?
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The VDRL tests for Reagin and can be positive due to drug addition, connective tissue disease, hep, diabetes, immune disorders?
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Describe lyme disease - causative agent, incubation, symptoms, ets
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B. burgdorferi transmitted via ticks.
3-30 day incubations Skin lesions with red flat border & central clearin, flu-like symptom. W/out tx, neurologic & cardiac symptoms & arthritis Diagnose via serum Abs |
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Describe ANUG
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Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis - oral infection with inflammation/necrosis of gingiva. Assoc with B. vincentii & fusiform G- anaerobic bacteria
Called Trench mouth |
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Describe Leptospira Dx & Tx
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Dx -after 1st week, urine (dark field or via Fletcher's culture) or serum Ab
Tx - Antibiotics in early stages 10-40% mortality if jaundice, 0% if none |
