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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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-Meningitis (Preschool)
Hemophilus influenzae b (Hib) ___________________________ >Characteristics >Signs/Symptoms >Pathogenesis |
*C:G- coccobacillus
*S:"Adult Triad" fever, stiff neck, neurological signs (headache, photophobia, nausea) *P: Antiphagocytic PRP Capsule |
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-Meningitis (Preschool)
Hemophilus influenzae b (Hib) ___________________________ >Diagnosis >Treatment >Epidemiology |
*D:CSF is cloudy. Culture requires Chocolate agar (for hemin and NAD)
*T:Antibiotic Susceptibility Test (AST) then switch AB (ampicillin) *E:-1-4% get URT, 6% fatal, 20% LT sequalae |
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-Meningococcal meningitis (teen)
Neisseria meningitidis ___________________________ >Characteristics >Signs/Symptoms >Pathogenesis |
*C:G- diplococcus
*S:Adult triad, rash, permanent neurological dmg. High mort. even if treated *P:Polysaccharide capsule & IgA protease |
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-Meningococcal meningitis (teen)
Neisseria meningitidis ___________________________ >Diagnosis >Treatment >Epidemiology |
*D:CSF cloudy, culture-ID, serology
*T:-3rd gen. cephalosporin -prophylactic antibiotics (rifampin ciprofloaxcin) & polyvalent capsular vaccines. *E:-URT (airborne). -College carriers are #1 worldwide |
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-Meningitis (40 yr)
Streptococcus pneumoniae ___________________________ >Characteristics >Signs/Symptoms >Pathogenesis |
*C:G+ diplococcus (big capsule)
*S:Adult Triad, Otitis media *P:85 SSS capsule serotypes |
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-Meningitis (40 yr)
Streptococcus pneumoniae ___________________________ >Diagnosis >Treatment >Epidemiology |
*D:CSF cloudy, sensitive to optochin, Quellung test, culture-α hemolytic
T:-Cephalosporins, but even so mort. is 30% -Pneumovax (polyvalent capsular vaccine) *E:URT carriers |
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-What is the Quellung Test?
-What is a synonym for it? |
*Increase in opacity and visibility of the capsule of capsulated organisms exposed to specific agglutinating anticapsular antibodies.
*Neufeld capsular swelling |
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-What is a polyvalent capsular vaccine?
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*Vaccine prepared from cultures of 2 or more strains of the same species of morg or virus.
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-What is Otitis media?
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*An inflammation of the middle ear (between the eardrum and the inner ear).
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-What does SSS stand for?
-What is a synonym for it? |
*Specific Soluble Substance
-A soluble type-specific polysaccharide produced during active growth of virulent pneumococci (streptococcus pneumoniae) composing a large part of the capsule *specific capsular substance |
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-What is the Adult Triad?
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*Symptoms of fever, stiff neck, & neurological signs (headache, photophobia, nausea, vomitting)
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Viral Meningitis
------------------------- -Which viruses cause it? -How is it diagnosed? -How is it transmitted? -What is the treatment? |
*A variety of viruses can cause it. 40% are enteroviruses, 15% mumps virus, 30% misc. viruses
*absence of bacteria in CSF followed by antigen tests or viral culture *Droplet contact *It isn't; no specific treatment plan. Low mort rate; generally milder than bacterial meningitis |
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-Cryptococcal Meningitis
Cryptococcus neoformans ------------------------------------------ >Characteristics >Diagnosis >Signs/Symptoms >Treatment >Pathogenesis >Epidemiology |
*C:Yeast with budding capsule
*S:Chronic meningitis *P:Capsule is virulence factor *D:Encapsulated yeast found in CSF via India Ink Stain or ELISA. Latex Agglutination test for antigen *T:Amphotericin B + fluconazole for weeks/months *E:Via respiratory route via bird feces; not communicable |
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Rabies
Rabies Virus ------------------------- >Characteristics >Signs/Symptoms >Pathogenesis |
*C:ss(−)RNA, large bullet shaped virus
*S:salivation, hydrophobia, 100% mortality *P:wound→incubation→PNS→CNS→brain |
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Rabies
Rabies Virus ------------------------- >Diagnosis >Treatment >Epidemiology |
*D:-Fluorescent AB test of biopsy of nape of neck -Negri bodies (inclusion bodies in animal brain)
*T:Postexposure RIG (γ-globulin), and HDCV (human diploid cell vaccine) *E:Zoonoses for all mammals |
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-What is zoonoses?
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*Any infectious disease that is able to be transmitted from other animals, both wild and domestic, to humans or from humans to animals
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St. Louis Encephalitis (SLE)
St. Louis Encephalitis Virus -------------------------------------------- >Characteristics >Diagnosis >Signs/Symptoms >Treatment >Pathogenesis >Epidemiology |
*C: ss(+)RNA
*S: rash, encephalitis, 5-10% mort *P: mosquito bite → viremia →brain *D:4-fold rise in serological titer *T: no specific treatment *E: Arthropod Borne (ARBO) (Culex tarsalis); reservoir in wild birds; Usually in summer months. |
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West Nile Virus
-------------------------- >Characteristics >Diagnosis >Signs/Symptoms >Treatment >Pathogenesis >Epidemiology |
*C: Flavivirus, (+) ss RNA Virus
*S: -20% fever, head & body ache -1 out of 150: encephalitis: 5% mort *P: Bite→viremia→encephalitis *D: Symptoms; detection of IgM antibody to virus in serum *T: Supportive therapy *E: -Culex mosquito transmits -Birds, horses, other mammals act as reservoirs |
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Tetanus (trismus, lockjaw, tetany)
Clostridium tetani ------------------------------------- >Characteristics >Signs/Symptoms >Pathogenesis |
*C:G+ rod, terminal endospore, anaerobic
*S:Hyperflexis of masseter muscle *P:Tetanospasmin blocks acetylcholine release |
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Tetanus (trismus, lockjaw, tetany)
Clostridium tetani ------------------------------------- >Diagnosis >Treatment >Epidemiology |
*D:History of puncture wound
*T:Tetanus Immunoglobulin (TIG), debride, curare, Pen G; booster every 10y *E:-ubiquitous -elderly lose immunity, 50-100/y -USA mortality (50%) -Clinical disease does not confer immunity (toxoid too small) |
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-Botulism
Clostridium botulinum -------------------------------------- >Characteristics >Diagnosis >Signs/Symptoms >Treatment >Pathogenesis >Epidemiology |
*C:G+ rod, endospore, anaerobic
*S:-Flaccid paralysis and respiratory failure -Infant botulism (honey) *P:Botulinum toxin A (A-H) blocks presynaptic acetylcholine release *D:Home canned food; detect w/ ELISA *T:Polyvalent A,B,E horse antitoxin from CDC for lab workers *E:Green beans; vichyssoise; smoked meats (basic pH food) |
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-Toxoplasmosis
Toxoplasma gondii ---------------------------------- >Characteristics >Signs/Symptoms >Pathogenesis |
*C:Protozoan (sporozoan)
*S:Not serious in healthy individuals, but causes brain damage 'in utero' and in AIDS patients *P:Intracellular |
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-Toxoplasmosis
Toxoplasma gondii ---------------------------------- >Diagnosis >Treatment >Epidemiology |
D:-History and symptoms
-Serology tests (ELISA) and indirect F-Ab (fragments of immunoglobulin) *T:Pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine *E:Mice → house cat (asymp.) → feces → women at risk during pregnancy |
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-What is the difference between Positive and Negative sense Viruses?
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*Positive-sense (5' to 3') viral RNA signifies that it can be immediately translated by the host cell.
*Negative-sense (3' to 5') viral RNA must be converted to positive-sense RNA by an RNA polymerase prior to translation. |
