Micro Respiratory System Review

Front 1

What is the most common cause of pharyngitis

Back 1

Viruses are the most common cause of pharyngitis (60%), ie rhinoviruses, adenovirus, coronavirus

Front 2

What are less-common causes of pharyngitis

Back 2

Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, influenza, herpes simplex virus, EBV, Mycoplasma, and Bordetella pertussis

Front 3

common cold, inflammation of nasal passages

Back 3

Rhinitis

Front 4

inflammation of the oral cavity. Multiple lesions of the oral mucosa that may extend to the tongue lips and face

Back 4

Stomatitis

Front 5

throat and neck pain, fever, inflammation and swelling of the epiglottis; difficulty swallowing, talking. Inspiratory stridor

Back 5

Epiglottitis

Front 6

sore throat with erythma and swelling. May also see
exudate and petechial hemorrhages (more common with bacterial infections).
vesicles that can rupture and form ulcers (viral, in particular herpes simplex)

“thrush”- plaques of creamy white, crumbly material that can also erode the mucosa (Candida)
pseudomembrane usually = diphtheria but can be mimicked with Vincent’s angina or sometimes mononucleosis

Back 6

Pharyngitis and tonsillitis

Front 7

abrupt onset or may develop over hours or a few days as a result of spread from the URT. Variable fever, inspiratory stridor, hoarse phonation, barking cough

Back 7

Laryngitis, or its more severe form, croup

Front 8

extension of infection from the subglottic laryngeal structures (including the vocal cords) to the trachea and bronchi where it is associated with a deeper, more severe cough that may produce chest pain, sputum, and when vocal cord involvement is severe, aphonia.

Back 8

Laryngotracheitis, laryngotracheobronchitis

Front 9

Primary infection or spread from upper respiratory tissues. Cough, variable fever, and sputum production that is often clear at the onset but may become purulent. Course bubbling rhonchi on auscultation of the chest with a stethoscope as a result of inflammation and increased fluid production in the larger airways

Back 9

Bronchitis

Front 10

infection of the lung parenchyma that develops over hours to days that runs a natural course lasting days to weeks. Onset may be gradual or acute. Cough and sputum +/- blood. Later labored or difficulty breathing, rapid respiratory rate, cyanosis (sometimes), and chest pain.

Back 10

Acute pneumonia

Front 11

develops over weeks to months and may last weeks or Cough, sputum, later with loss and night sweats

Back 11

Chronic pneumonia

Front 12

Usually a consequence of acute or chronic pneumonia; frequently follows aspiration pneumonia-persistent fever, and production of foul-smelling sputum is common. Multiple abscesses may be a consequence of a blood-borne infection.

Back 12

Lung abcess

Front 13

purulent infection of pleural space that usually occurs by continguous spread of bacteria from the infected lung.

Back 13

Empyema