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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1. Know the unicellular organisms from the eukaryotes
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Fungi, algae, and protozoa
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Know the description of dimorphic fungi.
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Has two different forms of growth: can grow as a yeast or a mold
- Temperature dependent: at 37 degrees C, it is yeast-like; at 25 degrees C, it is mold-like |
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Know the pH and osmotic preferences of fungi
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Fungi can grow in solution with high osmotic pressure like maple syrup
- Fungi usually grow better with a pH of about 5 (usually too acidic for bacteria) |
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Know the phases during fungal reproduction: which occurs first-last.
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Plasmogamy (haploid nucleus penetrates cytoplasm of recipient)
- Karyogamy (the (+) and (-) nuclei fuse to form diploid zygote nucleus) - Meiosis (diploid nucleus gives rise to haploid nuclei |
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What Protozoans affect the blood?
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Babesia, cyclospora, and plasmodium
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What Protozoans affect the GI tract?
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Giardia lamblia, found in the small intestine of humans and other mammals; excreted in the feces as a cyst
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Know the stages in the life cycle of a parasite.
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Egg, larvae, and adult
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Define cercaria.
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Cercaria is a free-swimming larva of trematodes
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Define vectors.
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A vector is an arthropod that carries disease-causing organisms from one host to another
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Know the role of the humans in the life cycle of Trichinella spirallis and Toxoplasma gondii.
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Trichinella spirallis: ingested as larvae by undercooked pork; located (encysted) in muscles
- Toxoplasma gondii: ingested thru cat feces; reproduce in tissues of new host; dangerous to pregnant women because it causes congenital infections in utero |
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Define systemic mycosis.
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Deep tissue fungal infection; starts in lungs, then spreads; route of transmission is inhalation
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What is one function of Fungi?
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decomposers
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Why do Fungi prevent mold spoilage of food?
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Because they compete with spoilage microorganisms
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Know what causes red tide.
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Large concentrations of Alexandrium (a red algae) that turns the ocean red
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Why is treatment of protozoal and helminthic infestations so difficult?
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Because they are eukaryotes, like human cells
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Know the difference in the reproductive system in the parasitic and free-living helminthes.
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Some are dioecious (two individuals with separate genders) and some are monoecious (hermaphroditic; one individual has both sex organs)
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Are the green algae prokaryotes or eukaryotes?
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eukaryotes
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Know the route of transmission of helminthic disease.
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Ingested by deer, sheep, or humans or from dog feces or saliva
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Define cysticercus.
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An encysted tapeworm larva
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Know the most common arthropods.
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Ticks, human louse, rat fleas, deer flies, mosquitoes, tsetse flies, and kissing bugs
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Know what stage is harbored by the definitive (adult form) and intermediate host.
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Definitive (adult form) harbors the sexually reproducing state
- Intermediate host harbors the asexual preproduction stage |
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Know the dietary menu of tapeworms.
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Nutrients from the host’s small intestines
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Know the prevention of acquiring fish or beef tapeworm.
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Fish tapeworm: Caused by eating undercooked crayfish. Prevention- throughly cook crayfish.
Beef tapeworm: inspecting beef that is intended for human consumption for "measly" appearance and avoid use of untreated human sewage as fertilizer in grazing pastures |
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Know the best prevention of malaria.
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Mefloquine (Lariam)
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Know the causative agent and vector of:
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Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever: Rickettsii, ticks
Lyme disease: Borrelia Burgodorpheri, ticks Malaria: plasmodium vixax, mosquitoes Encephalitis: Balamuthia, amoeba Pneumocystis: Pneumocystitis jiroyecii, fungus |
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What causes ringworm?
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Tinea capitis, microsporum
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What causes yeast infections?
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candida albicans
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Know the diagnostic test for Cryptosporidium.
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Acid fast oocyst in a fecal sample
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Define metaceraria.
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Stage before an adult
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