Micro Q3

Front 1

These bacteria possess a flagellar structure (axial filament/internal flagellum) spirally wound around the cell and anchored by hook-like bases at either pole of the cell

Back 1

Spirochetes

Front 2

Spirochetes are gram ______

Back 2

Negative

Front 3

This bacteria cannot be resolved under a light microscope, therefore gram staining is no use in identifying it

Back 3

Treponema pallidum

Front 4

This bacteria can only be made visible by darkfield microscopy, immunofluorescence, silver salts, or electron microscopy

Back 4

Treponema pallidum

Front 5

This bacteria cannot be grown in culture

Back 5

Treponema pallidum

Front 6

This bacteria can be kept motile for several days in very rich medium (albumin, serum) under anaerobic conditions, but cannot be made to multiply, and will survive in whole blood for only 24 hours.

Back 6

Treponema pallidum

Front 7

This bacteria can be stored for years at low temperature (-80 C)

Back 7

Treponema pallidum

Front 8

This bacteria is easily killed by heat, drying or soap and water

Back 8

Treponema pallidum

Front 9

This bacteria is perpetuated in the lab by injection into rabbit testicular tissue

Back 9

Treponema pallidum

Front 10

Transmission of syphilus

Back 10

Direct contact of genitalia or mucus membranes; not transmissible during later stages of disease (after 4 years post-infection; at this point the disease is mediated by hypersensitivity reactions). Congenital syphilus can cause stillbirth, abortion, signs at birth similar to secondary syphilus; it is preventable by tx of the mother during early months of pregnancy

Front 11

This disease can be transmitted by transfusion of freshly obtained blood but not older blood, or rarely to health care workers through cuts

Front 12

Primary lesion of syphilus

Back 12

Chancres on genitalia and focal lymphadenopathy, appearing 1-4 weeks after infection. Heals spontaneously in 1-5 weeks

Front 13

Secondary lesion of syphilus

Back 13

Organism has disseminated. Generalized skin rash or mucosal lesions 2-20 weeks after primary lesion first appears. Can result in arthritis, renal dysfunction, etc. Highly infectious stage (mucosal lesions are infectious)

Front 14

Tertiary lesion of syphilus

Back 14

Occurs many years after infection, hypersensitivity reaction. Affects CNS, aortic valves. Lesion is rubbery, called a "gumma"

Front 15

History of exposure is an important diagnostic tool for this disease

Back 15

Syphilus caused by T. pallidum

Front 16

Wasserman antibody

Back 16

Old serological test for syphilus. Reacts with a specific lipid: diphosphatidylglycerol ("cardiolipin") with lecithin and cholesterol. Degree of complement fixation is measured

Front 17

Antibodies are produced against an as-of-yet unknown antigen in this infection

Back 17

Syphilus caused by T. pallidum

Front 18

Flocculation test

Back 18

Clumping on a slide; nonspecific test for syphilus

Front 19

VDRL test

Back 19

Venereal Disease Research Laboratory test. Nonspecific screening test widely used for syphilus

Front 20

Diagnosis is usually by modern lab tests, first a nonspecific test that is confirmed with a specific test

Back 20

syphilus caused by T. pallidum

Front 21

FTA-ABS

Back 21

Specific test for syphilus. Fluorescent treponenal antibody absorption test. Used for T. pallidum identification in patient serum. The patient's serum is first absorbed with non-pathogenic treponemes to remove non-specific antibodies. The serum is then added to a slide with T. pallidum, washed, and made visible by the addition of a second (fluorescent) antibody

Front 22

Micro-hemagglutination test

Back 22

Specific test for syphilus. Red cells are coated with T. pallidum Ag, and patient's serum is added.

Front 23

ELISA

Back 23

Specific test for syphilus. This is the major test performed at DHMC.

Front 24

TPI

Back 24

Specific test for syphilus. Treponema pallidum immobilization test. Patient Ab is reacted with T. pallidum in presence of complement. Important if false positive is suspected. Carried out only in very specific laboratories.

Front 25

False positive for syphilus

Back 25

Mononucleosis (EBV), malaria.

Front 26

Incidence of false positive is higher in the _____ test than the _____ test

Back 26

VDRL (nonspecific), FTA-ABS (specific).

Front 27

T/F: PCR is used for syphilus diagnosis

Back 27

False.

Front 28

Treatment for syphilus

Back 28

Penicillin. NO resistance among T. pallidum. Alternative therapy: tetracycline, erythromycin

Front 29

syphilus vaccine

Back 29

Does not exist. Bacteria is difficult to culture, thus it has not been studied in-depth.

Front 30

Transmission of yaws

Back 30

Open sores of skin. NOT venereal (contrast to syphilus).

Front 31

This disease often occurs in children

Back 31

Yaws

Front 32

This disease often shows a positive syphilus test

Back 32

Yaws

Front 33

This disease is never transmitted across the placenta

Back 33

Yaws

Front 34

This disease is milder than syphilus--no late leasions of the aortic valve or CNS.

Back 34

Yaws

Front 35

This disease may cause bone lesions and face disfiguration

Back 35

Yaws

Front 36

These organisms are highly sensitive to penicillin

Back 36

Treponemas

Front 37

This disease is common among children in Syria. Similar to yaws.

Back 37

Bejel

Front 38

This disease is caused by T. pallidum subspecies endemicum

Back 38

Bejel

Front 39

This disease is caused by T. carateum

Back 39

Pinta

Front 40

This disease is found in Central and South America

Back 40

Pinta

Front 41

This disease is rarely serious, giving rise to flat, non-ulcerating skin lesions of hands feet and scalp that heal spontaneously, leaving depigmented areas

Back 41

Pinta

Front 42

This disease is caused by any of a dozen different species of Borrelia

Back 42

Relapsing fever

Front 43

This genus of spirochetes is visible under light microscope

Back 43

Borrelia

Front 44

This bacteria is transmitted by ticks to rodents, then to man.

Back 44

Borrelia hernsii

Front 45

This bacteria is transmitted human-to-human by the body louse

Back 45

Borrelia recurrentis

Front 46

Relapsing fever in the US is caused by this bacteria, and NOT this bacteria.

Back 46

Borrelia hernsii, Borrelia recurrentis. B. recurrentis is not endemic to the US.

Front 47

This bacteria expresses antigenic variation of surface proteins encoded on a linear plasmid

Back 47

Borrelia

Front 48

This bacteria encodes surface antigens on a linear plasmid

Back 48

Borrelia

Front 49

Wright's stain

Back 49

Stain for Borrelia on dark field microscopy.

Front 50

Treatment for relapsing fever

Back 50

Penicillin. Tetracycline is also effective.

Front 51

Number of cases/year of Lyme disease in the US

Back 51

Eight thousand

Front 52

This bacteria has 7 linear plasmids and 2 circular plasmids

Back 52

Borrelia burgdorferi

Front 53

This bacteria has as its reservoir white-tailed deer and white-footed mice

Back 53

Borrelia burgdorferi

Front 54

This bacteria has as its reservoir in wild rodents

Back 54

Borrelia hernsii

Front 55

First stage of Lyme disease

Back 55

Papule with expanding erythema 3-14 days after bite. Fever, headache, stiff neck, malaise

Front 56

Second stage of Lyme disease

Back 56

Various neurologic and cardiac involvement

Front 57

Third stage of Lyme disease

Back 57

Migrating episodes of arthritis. Appears weeks to months after bite; can last for years.

Front 58

This disease can be detected by a diagnostic ELISA test looking for circulating antibodies

Back 58

Lyme disease

Front 59

HLA-DR4

Back 59

People with this HLA gene don't respond well to tetracycline tx for Lyme disease

Front 60

Treatment for Lyme disease

Back 60

Tetracycline. Ampicillin is a safe alternative for young children

Front 61

Lyme disease vaccine

Back 61

Outer surface protein A (OspA)

Front 62

Outer surface protein A

Back 62

Found in Borrelia burgdorferi

Front 63

This bacteria does not require iron

Back 63

Borrelia burgdorferi

Front 64

This bacteria has a high number of manganese-requiring metalloenzymes

Back 64

Borrelia burgdorferi

Front 65

This is an uncommon disease transmitted by rats, dogs and other animals, usually from infected animal urine

Back 65

Leptospirosis

Front 66

Unlike other spirochete-caused diseases, this disease is not arthropod-borne

Back 66

Leptospirosis

Front 67

This disease is an occupational hazard for sewage and slaughterhouse workers, or people in rat-infested areas

Back 67

Leptospirosis

Front 68

This bacteria enters blood an invades various tissues and organs, particularly the kidney, meninges and conjunctive

Back 68

Leptospira

Front 69

Weil's disease

Back 69

Infectious jaundice, caused by one serotype of Leptospira, leading to renal failure

Front 70

This disease leads to renal failure and hepatic injury with a fatality rate as high as 25%

Back 70

Weil's disease

Front 71

Treatment for Leptospirosis

Back 71

Penicillin, erythromycin, tetracycline

Front 72

Vaccine for Leptospirosis

Back 72

Does not exist.

Front 73

This bacteria has multiple animal reservoirs, but is not arthropod-borne.

Back 73

Leptospira