Micro Q3

Front 1

Optochin

Back 1

Used to distinguish between pneumococcus and viridans, both alpha hemolytic streptococci. Pneumococcus is sensitive, viridans is resistant.

Front 2

This bacteria is characterized by the presence of a large polysaccharide capsule, with over 100 antigenic types

Back 2

Pneumococci

Front 3

This bacteria, resident in the throat, is the usual source of pulmonary infection

Back 3

Pneumococci

Front 4

This bacteria grows only extracellularly; once phagocytosed, they are killed

Back 4

Pneumococci

Front 5

This is pneumococci's response to opsinization by the host

Back 5

IgA protease

Front 6

Surface phagocytosis

Back 6

Phagocytosed of pneumococci by a macrophage that has trapped the bacteria against an alveolar wall. Works well in dry alveolus but poorly in the presence of alveolar edema that characterizes pneumococcal pneumonia.

Front 7

Three things that prevent lower respiratory infections by pneumococcus

Back 7

Mucus is rarely aspirated; resp epithelium cilia push material upwards; alveolar macrophages can phagocytose a limited number of bacteria

Front 8

This is a lobar pneumonia. Alveoli are seeded with bacteria and PMN's move in.

Back 8

Pneumococcal pneumonia

Front 9

This disease may be preceded by prodromal symptoms, followed by suden onset of shaking chills and prolonged high fever with severe pleuritic pain and cough that produces rusty (blood tinged) sputum.

Back 9

Pneumococcal pneumonia

Front 10

This disease is commonly characterized by a very high leukocytosis

Back 10

Pneumococcal pneumonia

Front 11

This disease is characterized by bacteremia in 20% of the cases, which accounts for fatal outcomes of this disease

Back 11

Pneumococcal pneumonia

Front 12

This disease is fatal in 5-20% of hospitalized cases even with appropriate tx.

Back 12

Pneumococcal pneumonia

Front 13

Persons with a defect in humoral immunity are at a much higher risk for succumbing to this disease

Back 13

Pneumococcal pneumonia

Front 14

This organ plays a major role in combatting bacteremia

Back 14

Spleen

Front 15

This bacteria frequently has mutliple antibiotic resistance (including penicillin)

Back 15

Pneumococci

Front 16

Sensitivity testing is required when formulating treatments to this bacteria

Back 16

Pneumococci

Front 17

This bacteria plays a prominent role in middle ear infections and severe/fatal meningitis in children

Back 17

Pneumococci

Front 18

Pneumococcal vaccine

Back 18

Two types. (1) Pneumovax, T-cell-independent antigen from 17 capsular types. Does not immunize young children, very elderly, and certain Native American groups. (2) Prevnar, T-cell-dependent response elicited by conjugated 7-valent highly immunogenic protein. Neither prevent pneumonia. Both prevent bacteremia (invasive diseases assoc with high fatality).

Front 19

This vaccine is part of the recommended pediatric immunization schedule

Back 19

Prevnar

Front 20

This bacteria is widespread, found in soil and water and infected animals and humans

Back 20

Listeria monocytogenes

Front 21

The route of infection of this bacteria is often from animal to human

Back 21

Listeria monocytogenes

Front 22

Dairy products and meat have been implicated in endemics of this bacteria

Back 22

Listeria monocytogenes

Front 23

This bacteria grows well at refrigerator temperature

Back 23

Listeria monocytogenes

Front 24

Infection with this bacteria in pregnant women can lead to bacteremia and transplacental infection of the fetus, leading to stillbirth or abortion

Back 24

Listeria monocytogenes

Front 25

Pregnant women are more susceptible to infection by this bacteria because of a decline in cell-mediated immunity

Back 25

Listeria monocytogenes

Front 26

Fatality rates of hospitalized cases of this disease is about 20%. There are 2500 serious infections and about 500 deaths/yr in the USA

Back 26

Listeria monocytogenes

Front 27

Unpasteurized milk and unprocessed soft cheese are potential vectors of this bacteria

Back 27

Listeria monocytogenes

Front 28

This bacteria is a small gram positive rod that is distantly related to the diphtheroids but is beta hemolytic

Back 28

Listeria monocytogenes

Front 29

These three bacteria are obligate intracellular organisms

Back 29

Rickettsia, Chlamydia, Mycobacteria leprae

Front 30

This bacteria secretes a hemolysin that lyses the phagolysosomal membrane, enabling it to enter the host cell cytoplasm

Back 30

Listeria monocytogenes

Front 31

This bacteria moves within host cell cytoplasm by inducing actin polymerization

Back 31

Listeria monocytogenes

Front 32

This bacteria is able to evade antibody in the extracellular fluid by its ability to move from cell to cell by manipulating actin

Back 32

Shigella, Listeria monocytogenes

Front 33

Protective antigen

Back 33

Anthrax protein, necessary for entry into mammalian cells of other exotoxins of B. anthracis. So named because antibodies to this antigen confer protection against anthrax.

Front 34

T/F: Anthrax is caused solely by exotoxins secreted by the bacteria

Back 34

False. Bacteremia plays an important role in the pathology of the disease, esp in fatal cases.

Front 35

This bacteria can cause infection via three important routes.

Back 35

Anthrax spores. (1) Cutaneous. (2) Intestinal. (3) Inhalation.

Front 36

Bacteria growth results in a painless vessicle with surrounding edema, progressing to eschar (black scab)

Back 36

Cutaneous anthrax

Front 37

This is the rarest pathway of anthrax infection

Back 37

Intestinal, usually by ingestion of spores in meat

Front 38

This disease is an occupational hazard associated with wool or animal hides

Back 38

Inhalation anthrax

Front 39

Inhaled spores are phagocytosed by pulmonary macrophages

Back 39

Inhalation anthrax

Front 40

Early sign of this disease is enlargement of mediastinal lymph nodes

Back 40

Inhalation anthrax

Front 41

This disease is rapidly fatal and difficult to treat because diagnosis is often delayed

Back 41

Inhalation anthrax

Front 42

T/F: Anthrax is a zoonotic infection

Back 42

True. Human to human transmission is exceedingly rare