Micro Q3

Front 1

Normal flora of the mouth (saliva)

Back 1

Streptococcus viridans
Neisseria
Diphtheroids
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Eikenella corrodens
Fusobacterium
Prevotella
Peptostreptococcus
anaerobic Spirochetes

Front 2

Normal flora of the terminal ileum

Back 2

E. coli, Enterobacter, Bacteroides fragilis; other coliforms and anaerobes

Front 3

Normal flora of the large intestine and feces

Back 3

Bacteroides fragilis, Bifidobacterium, Lactobacilli, Clostridium perfringes, Coliforms, Enterococcus; less common: S. aureus, Pseudomonas, Proteus, Klebsiella

Front 4

Normal flora of breast-fed infant intestine

Back 4

Bifidobacterium

Front 5

Normal flora of the skin

Back 5

Staphylococcus epidermidis, S. aureus, S. saprophyticus, Proprionibacterium, Peptococcus, Diphtheroids

Front 6

Normal flora of the nose

Back 6

Staph. aureus

Front 7

Normal flora of the throat

Back 7

Viridan streptococci, Neisseria, Staph. epidermidis

Front 8

Normal flora of the upper respiratory tract

Back 8

Staph. aureus
Staph epidermidis
Streptococcus viridans
Peptostreptococcus
Neisseria Bacteroides
Fusobacterium
Clostridium

Front 9

Normal flora of the adult vagina

Back 9

Lactobacillus; 15-20% Group B streptococci

Front 10

Bacterial overgrowth in the small bowel can lead to these problems

Back 10

Fat malabsorption, vit. B12 deficiency

Front 11

Intestinal bacteria produce these two vitamins

Back 11

Vitamin K and vitamin B12

Front 12

This is the predominant bacteria of the mouth

Back 12

Streptococcus viridans

Front 13

This bacteria is the most common cause of subacute bacterial endocarditis--they are highly adherent both to dental tissue (plaques) and cardiac valves

Back 13

Streptococcus viridans

Front 14

Some species of this bacteria can convert sucrose into polysaccharide (dextran), an important ingredient of dental plaque

Back 14

Streptococcus viridans

Front 15

This bacteria produces lactic acid as a byproduct of sugar metabolism, which hastens dental caries

Back 15

Streptococcus viridans

Front 16

This bacteria is the second-most predominant bacteria of the mouth

Back 16

Non-pathogenic Neisseria species (N. meningitis colonizes throat or nasopharynx)

Front 17

These bacteria are present in saliva as well as skin

Back 17

Proprionibacterium, Staph. epidermidis

Front 18

These bacteria are the most common contaminants of blood cultures

Back 18

Staph. epidermidis (coagulase negative); Diphtheroids

Front 19

T/F: 1% of healthy individuals will have potential pathogens in their oral cavity (pneumococcus, Staph. aureus)

Back 19

False. 5-40%.

Front 20

T/F: Upon hospitalization, aerobic Gram negative rods (E. coli, Klebsiella) may colonize the oral cavity

Back 20

True.

Front 21

This bacteria is part of the normal flora of the mouth, and causes skin and soft tissue infections associated with human bites and clenched-fist injuries

Back 21

Eikenella corrodens

Front 22

These anaerobes constitute 15% of bacteria in saliva

Back 22

Peptostreptococcus (anaerobic streptococci)

Front 23

These anaerobes are part of the normal mouth flora

Back 23

Fusobacterium
Prevotella
Peptostreptococcus
Anaerobic Spirochetes

Front 24

Gastric achlorhydria

Back 24

No stomach acid; bacteria can proliferate in the stomach

Front 25

This surgery can increase bacterial counts in the upper small intestine

Back 25

Gastric bypass--stasis results (peristalsis decreases)

Front 26

Sterility of the upper small intestine is maintained by these

Back 26

Peristalsis is major, unconjugated bile acids may also play an important role

Front 27

This bacteria is found mainly in the lower intestine and not part of the mouth flora

Back 27

Bacteroides fragilis

Front 28

T/F: Bacteria make up to one quarter or one third of the weight of feces

Back 28

True.

Front 29

T/F: Most of the bacteria in normal feces is anaerobic

Back 29

True.

Front 30

T/F: Aerobes account for only 10% of culturable flora of the feces

Back 30

False. They account for less than 1%

Front 31

Formation of ammonia

Back 31

Two ways: (1) splitting urea, (2) protein metabolism.

Front 32

These bacteria generate ammonia, acid and gas in the colon

Back 32

Bacteroides

Front 33

This bacteria is a frequent cause of intraabdominal infections (eg, due to trauma, bowel rupture)

Back 33

Bacteroids fragilis

Front 34

These antibiotics are useful for infections originating below the diaphragm

Back 34

Clindamycin, cefoxitin, metronidazole (NOT penicillin)--attack anaerobes

Front 35

These bacteria are gram positive rods found in the lower intestine that convert lactose to lactic acid

Back 35

Lactobacillus

Front 36

These bacteria are found in 2/3 of fecal samples at 10e9 bacteria per gram

Back 36

Bifidobacterium

Front 37

These bacteria are found in 1/3 of fecal samples at 10e6 bacteria per gram

Back 37

Clostridium perfringens

Front 38

These bacteria are the predominant aerobic flora of the gut, always present, and are the cause of some UTI's in females

Back 38

Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Coliforms (all Gram negative rods)

Front 39

The number of species of anaerobes found in normal feces

Back 39

Four hundred

Front 40

These bacteria are aerobic, and are less frequently found in the gut

Back 40

Staph. aureus, Pseudomonas, Proteus, Klebsiella

Front 41

T/F: The redox potential of the intestine is low

Back 41

True. Ideal for anaerobes

Front 42

A possible cause of fat malabsorption

Back 42

Bacterial overgrowth of the upper small intestine converts conjugated bile acid to free bile acid; conjugated bile acids are necessary for fat absorption.

Front 43

Metabolic activities of normal flora

Back 43

(1) Bile acid deconjugation; (2) ammonia production--bacteria are responsible in part for ammonia in the blood; (3) converstion of bile pigments; (4) maintain low pH by digesting carbs that are not absorbed by the host

Front 44

Treatment for hepatic coma

Back 44

The goal is to reduce the number of bacteria in the gut, thereby reducing ammonia production--decreasing the load on the liver. Thus poorly absorbed broad-spectrum drugs are used

Front 45

This bacteria is the predominant organism of the skin

Back 45

Staphylococcus epidermidis

Front 46

This bacteria is responsible for catheter-related bacteremia

Back 46

Staphylococcus epidermidis

Front 47

This bacteria is implicated in the pathogenesis of acne

Back 47

Propionibacterium acnes (anaerobe)

Front 48

Anaerobic residents of the skin

Back 48

Propionibacterium, Peptococcus, Diphtheroids

Front 49

Anaerobic oral streptococcus

Back 49

Peptostreptococcus

Front 50

T/F: Lactobacillus are only dominant after puberty and before menopause

Back 50

True.

Front 51

This bacteria is an important source of sepsis for newborns, acquired perinatally

Back 51

Group B streptococci in the vagina