Micro Parasites

Front 1

Parasitic infections show what WBC increase?

Back 1

eosinophil

Front 2

What substance separates stool artifacts from parasites?

Back 2

zinc sulfate

Front 3

Describe the smear for diagnosing a protozoan parasite:

Back 3

Thick and thin smears
Add water to lyse cells and release parasites

Front 4

How is % parasitemia determined?
What is the average for an infection?

Back 4

# infected RBCs : 100 healthy RBCs
average = 3%

Front 5

Name the 4 stages of a protozoan parasite:

Back 5

1. Trophozoite: adult amoeba feeds
2. Schizogony: asexual reproduction
3. Merozoites: females
4. Gametocytes

Front 6

Name the 3 amoeboid protozoan parasite species:

Back 6

Entameobas
Naeglaria
Acanthamoeba

Front 7

Name the 2 flagellate protozoan parasite species:

Back 7

Giardia
Trichomonas

Front 8

Name the 4 sporozoa parasitic protozoa species:

Back 8

Coccidia
Toxoplasma
Cryptosporidia
Cyclospora

Front 9

Which parasitic infection is similar to Shigelle and how do you tell the difference?

Back 9

Entoameoba Histolytica
Shigelle will have increased neutrophils & fever

Front 10

which amoeboid parasite is caused from undercooked meat?

Back 10

entamoeba coli

Front 11

Which two amoeboid parasites affect the CNS?

Back 11

Neglaria fowleri
Acanthameoba

Front 12

Which entameoba species is not pathogenic?

Back 12

entameoba hartmanii

Front 13

Which parasite is common in the US and spread through baby pools?

Back 13

giardia lamblia

Front 14

Which parasite is an STD
How should this specimen be handled?

Back 14

Trichomonas vaginalis

Stay moist

Front 15

Which parasite can cause birth defects if inhaled in first trimester?

Back 15

toxoplasma

Front 16

Which parasite is common in the HIV community?
How is specimen stained?
What special resistance does this species have?

Back 16

cryptosporidia
acid-fast stain
resistant to disinfectants

Front 17

What is spread through contaminated raspberries and lettuce?

Back 17

cyclospora

Front 18

Differentiate between the 2 trypanosome species:

Back 18

T. Cruzi: South America; kissing bug; U-shaped
T. Rhodiensas/gambiensas: Africa; tsetse fly; S shaped

Front 19

Which parasite causes "desert storm syndrome" explain.

Back 19

Leishmania
via sand flies and affects skin "cutaneous leishmanosis"

Front 20

How is Babesia spread and what does it infect?

Back 20

ticks
RBCs

Front 21

Which species causes Malaria?

What spreads it?

What Abx to treat?

Back 21

Plamsodium

Anopheles mosquito

Quinine based abx

Front 22

Which parasite is from undercooked contaminated pork?

Back 22

trichinella

Front 23

Which parasite is from undercooked contaminated chicken?

Back 23

Listeria

Front 24

Nematodes are what type worms?

Back 24

roundworms

Front 25

Cestodes are what worms?
What 2 apparatus do they contain?

Back 25

tapeworms

scolex: hooks
progliottus: segments that can regrow

Front 26

Trematodes are what worms?

What is their defining characteristic?

Back 26

flatworms/flukes

hermaphrodites

Front 27

Which nematode is called "pinworm" and affects children in daycares?

Back 27

enterobius vermicularis

Front 28

Which nematode is also called "the fiery serpent" and uses a stick to twist out?

Back 28

dracunulus

Front 29

Which nematode causes "cochin-china diarrhea"?

Back 29

stronyloides

Front 30

Name the 3 microfilaria:

Back 30

Onchocerca
Wucheria
Loa-Loa

Front 31

Which nematode species causes "river blindness" with parasites in the eye?

Back 31

onchocerca volculus

Front 32

Which nematode attacks the lymph nodes and causes elephantitis?

Back 32

wucheria bancrofti

Front 33

Name the 3 cestode species:

Back 33

hymenolepsis nana
diphyllbothrium latum
taena

Front 34

Which cestode is called the "pork tapeworm"?

Back 34

taena solum

Front 35

Which cestode is called the "beef tapeworm"?

Back 35

taena sagimate

Front 36

Name the 4 trematode species?

Back 36

Schistosoma mansoni
Paragonimus
Faciola hepatica
Clonorchis

Front 37

Which 2 trematodes have snail hosts?

Back 37

Faciola hepatica
Clonorchis

Front 38

Which helminth is found in urine?

Back 38

schistosoma mansoni

Front 39

What flukes are these specified by:
Paragonimus
Faciola hepatica
Clonorchis sinensis

Back 39

Paragonimus: LUNG fluke
Faciola: LIVER fluke
Clonorchis; chinese LIVER fluke

Front 40

A virus is an:

Back 40

obligate intracellular parasite

Front 41

What protection membrane does a virus have:

What is another structure they may have as protection?

Back 41

capsid: protein coat

Envelope

Front 42

What 3 shapes of a virus:

Back 42

helical
icosahedral
complex

Front 43

Define tropism:

Back 43

virus will only attach to specific cells (i.e. respiratory cells, etc)

Front 44

Which swabs are unaceptable for virus detection?

Back 44

Calcium alginate swabs

Front 45

Storage for a viral specimen?

Back 45

fridge 4 days;
-70 longer

Front 46

What are the 2 reproductive cycles of a virus? Which one is a productive infection?

Back 46

Lytic Cycle - PRODUCTIVE
Lysogeny (needs virus to activate)

Front 47

Name the 5 stages of the Lytic Cycle?

Back 47

1. Adsorption (attach)
2. Penetration (inserts nucleic acid)
3. Biosynthesis
4. Maturation
5. Burst (#virus’ produced = burst size)

Front 48

What is required for a virus to penetrate a cell?

Back 48

enzyme: lysozyme (breaks wall)

Front 49

Name the 3 steps for lysogeny?

Back 49

1. Adsorption
2. Penetration
3. Transduction (Integrates into bacterial chromosome)

Front 50

State the 3 Viral detection methods:

Back 50

Direct
Serological
Indirect/Isolation

Front 51

State 4 examples of direct virus detection:

Back 51

Immunostaining
PCR
Electron scope
Light scope

Front 52

State the 3 types of viral isolation/indirect detection techniques:

Back 52

cell culture
eggs
animal inoculation

Front 53

In a cell culture isolation technique, what are the 3 types of cells used:

Back 53

primary: animal tissue
diploid: divides 50 times
continuous: unlimited division (HELA cells)

Front 54

Name 3 cold virus strains:

Back 54

Rhinovirus
Adenovirus
Coronavirus