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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is another name for neisseria meningitidis?
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meningococcus
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what is another name for neisseria gonorrhoeae?
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gonnococcus
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what do meningococcus and gonococcus look like under a microscope?
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gram negative diplococci
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what makes meningococcus and gonococcus grow better?
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5-10% co2, also require blood products
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what medium allows for selection of pathogenic strains of meningococcus and gonococcus, and what is in it?
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thayer-martin medium, which contains chocolate agar, vancomycin, colistin, and nystatin
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what kills meningococcus and gonococcus (besides drugs)
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heat, drying, and disinfectants
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is there an animal reservoir for meningococcus and gonococcus?
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no, pathogenic strains confined to humans
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do pathogenic or non-pathogenic neisserias react to the oxidase test?
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both do
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what sugars does N gonorrhoeae ferment?
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glucose, not maltose, lactose, or sucrose
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what sugars does N meningitidis ferment?
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glucose and maltose, not sucrose or lactose
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what sugars do non-pathogenic neisserias ferment?
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glucose, maltose, and lactose, not sucrose
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what is the only gram negative coccus?
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neisseria
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what contributes to the virulence of neisseria virulence?
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capsule (anti phaogcytic) , endotoxin, and IgA protease
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what factors contribute to colonization?
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pili and OMP
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what is LOS with respect to neisseria?
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they have a short LPS. its is still endotoxic and provides serum resistance
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where does neisseria multiply?
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outside of cells, can see it in leukocytes but it won't multiply there
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is meningitidis capsulated?
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yes, virulent strains are
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is gonnorrhoeae encapsulated?
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no
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can you be a carrier for N meningitidis?
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yes, in the nasopharynx
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how is N meningitidis transmitted?
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person to person via aerosol, most often in crowded conditions
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what are the symptoms of N meningitidis infection?
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can be just mild pharyngitis and fever, small cases go to bactemia and meningitis
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what are the most common causes of meningitis in kids in their first year?
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B strep or E coli
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what is the organotropism of N meningitidis?
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meninges, also skin, eyes, and lungsq
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what are the most common serogroups of meningitidis, and how are they typed?
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typed by capsule, A, B, and C are the most important
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are adults immune to N meningitidis?
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generally, yes - outbreaks happen when people come together who have different serotypes
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what is waterhouse-friderichsen syndrome?
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adrenal failure, circulatory collapse, and shock as a rare consequence of meningococcemia
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what is used to diagnose N meningitidis?
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upper respiratory infection followed by high fever and signs of meningitis, along with petechaie, culture and latex agglutination of CSF
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what antibiotics are used to treat people with N meningitidis?
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3rd generation cephalosporins (ceftriaxone), IV penicillin, ciprofloaxin
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what is given to people who have had close contact with someone with N meningitidis?
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rifampicin or ciprofloaxin
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what kind of vaccine is available for n meningitidis?
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a quadrivalent one for A, C, Y, and W135
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what are the bacteria responsible for bacterial meningitis?
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Group B strep, E coli K1, haemophilus influenzae type b, and neisseria meningitidis
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where can gonococcus be found?
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lives in genitourinary tract, can be visualized in pus from there also seen in epithelial and phagocytic cells
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how many serotypes are there for gonococcus and what are the serotypes based on?
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more than 100, based on antigenicity of pilus (not capsule!)
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how is gonococcus transmitted?
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direct genital contact, rectal and pharygneal mucosa, and also conjunctiva of newborns
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what is the process of infection (on the bacteria scale) for gonococcus
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pili anchor them to epithelial cells, then they go through the cells to get to the sub-epithelial connective tissue
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what is the incubation period for gonococcus?
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2-3 days for males, within 10 days for females, can ebe asymptomatic (most females)
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are non-piliated strains of gonococcus virulent?
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no
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what is the functino of the pili in gonococcus?
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promote sticking to epithelial cells and impair phagocytosis
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can people be asymptomatic with gonococcus?
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yes, 1-10% of males with it are asymptomatic, higher with females
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what are complications of gonococcus
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arthritis-dermatits syndrome, skin lesions, chronic pelvic inflammatory disease (females)
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how is gonococcus diagnosed?
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clinical picture of discharge and exposure, exudate with gram negative diplococci within PMNs, culture with oxidase positive, gram neg diplococci
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is the endotoxic activity of gonococcus important?
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no
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is the endotoxic activity of meningococcus important?
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yes
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what is the incidence of gonorrhea?
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it and chlamydia are the two most prevalent communicable bacterial diseases
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what is gonococcus not infrequently resistant to?
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penicillin (via plasmid), tetracycline (via plasmid), chromosome-based broad resistance (cephalosporins and permeability), and fluoroquinones
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what is used to treat gonorrhea?
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cefatriaxone and 10 day oral tetracycline (for chlamydia, which is assumed)
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what is opthalmia neonatorum?
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gonorrhea in the eyes of newborns, can cause blindness
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what is the treatment for opthalmia neonatorum?
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erythromycin in the eye, required by law
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can you develop immunity to gonorrhea after infection with it?
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immunity is weak likely b/c of antigenic variation
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is there a vaccine for gonococcus?
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no
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