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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC)
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most common cause of UTI's - use fimbrae to adhere
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Staphylococcus saprophyticus
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2nd most common cause of UTI's - no fimbrae
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Gardnerella vaginalis
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cause BV - treat w/ metronidazole
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Mycoplasma hominis
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cause BV - treat w/ metronidazole
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Chlamidiae
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lots of different kinds, do the EB RB thing - treat w/ Doxycycline and azithromycin (must penetrate host cell)
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Neisseria gonorrhoeae
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causes gonorrhoeae (urethritis, cervicitis, PID) - treat w/ ceftriaxone or ciprofloxacin
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Neisseria meningitidis
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dorm meningitis - Key signs are petechial rash and purpura fulminans - treat w/ penicillin, or cefotaxime or ceftriaxone - treat - give rifampcin to contacts
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Treponema pallidum
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syhpallis - chancers! - treat w/ pennicilin or ---cyclins if res
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legionella pneumophilia
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contaminated water, damage to lungs from inflam - only really in people who smoke or have lung damage - treat w/ erythromycin
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mycoplasma pnemonia
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walking pnemonia (no alveoli) - treat w/ erythromycin
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Mycobacteria tuberculosis
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tuberculosis - treat w/ 6-8 months of multi-drug therapy and DOTS
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Mycobacteria leprae
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leprosy - gets skin and nerves - treat w/ multi-drug therapy (dapsone, rifampcin and clofazimine)
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streptococcus pneumoniae
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does bacterial meningitis an pnemonia - treat w/ MDR and OM treament - a hemo - anti P and pneumolysin do virulence
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streptococcus pyogens
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rheumatic fever, TSS, glomeulonephritis - GAS - regular step in kids - M protein does virulence
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streptococcus agalactiae
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in pregnant women, give them Abs peripartum - may cause low mortality meningitis - diabetes is a problem too - C5a and cytolysin virulence
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streptococcus viridans
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endocarditis
brain, lung, liver abscesses |
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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leading nosocimial (pnemonia, UTIs, burn infections) - problem w/ CF pts - hard to treat b/c of MDR and biofilms
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staphylococcus aureus
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superficial, invasive, or superantigen - oxacillin res from PBP2a - hard to treat, but right now trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and clindamycin work
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Haemophilus influenzae
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causes meningitis, epiblottitis, and OM - type b is bad! - good conjugate vaccine - didn't tell us treatment
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Bordetella pertussis
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whooping cough - pertussis toxin stimulates cAMP in neutrophils - no good vaccines
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salmonella - typhiod fever
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iingested, get RES - big in bowel and cause ulceration and proliferation - from other countries - treat w/ Abs
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salmonella - gastrentiritis
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from contaminated food -> mild to sever diarrhea - Abs only if severe
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salmonella - septicema
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high fever and bacteremia - increase risk if AIDS - use Abs
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shingella
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mild diarrhea painful, bloody, mucous dysentary - from poor hygine - its toxin cleaves 28S - treat w/ Abs for sever cases only
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Campylobacter jejuni
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main cause of gastrentiritis - mild diarrhea painful, bloody, mucous dysentary - treat w/ erythrmycin
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Yersinia enterocolitica
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acute watery diahhrea - mesenteric lympadenitis (like appendicitis) - mostly in kids under 5
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Listeria monocytogenes
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from contaminated food - pregnant and neonates at greater risk - lysteriolysin O is big
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Francisella tularensis
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requires cytosine - not big in US - ulcer -> LNs - gets RES - fever up to 6 wks
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Cholera
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painless, watery diarrhea - toxin adheres to GI and increases CAMP - Ab maybe useful, but fluid is best
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Helicobactur pylori
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peptic ulcer disease - risk factore for gastic cancer - treat w/ Abs and pepto
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Bacillus anthracis
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- from handeling sheep and goat hair and hides - Edema factor - treat w/ Penicillin G - ciprofloxacin and tetracycline work
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smallpox
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ds DNA virus - pathogenic rash begins at head and upper arms and moves distally - high fever, headache - cant treat
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SARS
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Enveloped RNA coronavirus - fever, dry cough - chest x-rays look like penmonia - spread by jet travel
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Rickettsia rickettsii
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rockey mountain spotted fever - gets vascular endothelial cells - Chills, fever, headache, petechal rash - treat w/ tetracycline
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Ehrlichia chaffeensis
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tick borne - nonspecific fever, malaise, myalgia, headache - infects monocytes
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Anaplasma phagocytophila
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tick borne - nonspecific fever, malaise, myalgia, headache - infects neutrophils
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Borrelia burgdorferi
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causes lyme disease - stage 1 “erythema migrans” rash at bite, fever, chills, muscle ache and fatigue - stage 2 arthritis NS and heart affected - Stage 3, chronic arthritis and CNS disease
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dermatophytes
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Epidermophyton, Trichophyton, and Microsporum - infect hair and skin
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Sporothrix schenckii
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dimorphic fungus associated with thorns and sphagnum moss - begins as painless papules -> ascend along lymphatic channels
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Coccidioides immitis
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valley fever in arid climates - flu-like, high fevers - in old people - treat w/ fluconazole
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Histoplasma capsulatum
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fungal from bird poop - tuberculated macroconidia - flu-like, high fever, cough - only treat immpunosuppressed w/ Itraconazole
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Blastomyces dermatitidis
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fungal from rotting organic matter - blastomycosis - can form pulmonary granulomas
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Candida albicans
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main hospital fungus - microflora of skin - treat w/ topicals for cutaneous - amphotericin B or fluconazole for invasive
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Cryptococcus neoformans
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bird poop yeast - major fungal cause of meningitis - treat w/ amphotericin B and 5-fluorocytosine - fluconazole in AIDS (life long)
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Aspergillis
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molds that produce septate hyphae - 45° dichotomous branching - treat allergic w/ steroids, invasive w/ amphotericin B, itraconazole, voriconazole - caspofungin $$$
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Zygomycetes
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fungus - broad, aseptate hyphae with right angle branching - bad w/ immunosuppressed or diabetic - treat w/ debridement and amphotericin B
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Pneumocystis carinii
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fungal atypical pnemonia - SOB, drug cough, and fever - treat w/ trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole and pentamidine isothionate
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