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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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List the four types of immunity
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naturally acquired active and passive, artificially acquired active and passive
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naturally acquired active immunity
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infections caused abys to attack specific ags, sensitization stimulates immune response to allergens
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naturally acquired passive immunity
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short-term immunity that is transplacental and is also acquired through the colostrum (which contains abys of mother)
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artificially acquired active immunity
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caused by vaccinations
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there are three major classes of vaccines. What are they?
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attenuated (weakened), killed, or subunit vaccines
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artificially acquired passive immunity
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nonself antibodies are given to patient
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list some examples of 'preformed' antibodies
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antiserum, antivenon, antivenom, antitoxin
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what is an antigen
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a substance that (normally) elicits an immune response
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mosaic ag
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a complex ag that may have multiple antigenic sites that evoke unique immune responses
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what is the name of a large Ag that may have several antigenic sites?
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mosaic Ag
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what is an antigen called if it is on a normal body cell?
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autoantigen
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what is an antigen called if it may be (but is not necessarily) on a normal body cell?
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alloantigen
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what do you call an antigen that may occur in unrelated groups of organisms?
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heterophile Ag
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what is an antigen called if it evokes an allergic reaction?
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allergen
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what is an antigen called if it evokes an immune response that is too strong?
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superantigen
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what is a substance called if it could be antigenic but it is too small?
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it is a hapten
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what is a substance called if it could be antigenic but it is too small?
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it is a hapten
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how does a hapten become antigenic?
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it couples to a 'self' protein
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list two examples of haptens
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urushiol, penicillin
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What does MHC stand for?
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Major histocompatibility complex
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MHCs are controlled by what?
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genes on chromosome 6
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List and explain the three MHC types
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MHC-I (tissue type antigen), MHC-II (involved in immune recognition of immune cells), MHC-III (regulate production of complement proteins in blood)
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list some important information about T-cells
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thymus derived, involved in cell-mediated immune response, long life span
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list some important information about B-cells
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bursa derived, involved in humoral immune response, short life span
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list five functions of antibodies
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opsonins, agglutinate particulate Ag, precipitate soluble Ags, complement fixation, neutralize toxins and viruses
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what is another name for antibodies?
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immunoglobulins
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what is the name of the process by which an Ag is shown to B cell clones?
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clonal selection
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what is the name of the process by which B cells reproduce and form new, sensitized cells?
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clonal expansion
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explain the structure of abys
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composed of two long (F[ab]) chains and two short (F[c]) chains
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the memory B cells are for the ___ response
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anamnestic
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there are two variations of clonal selection. What are they?
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T-dependant Ag and T-independent Ag
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what four chains make up an immunoglobulin?
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two heavy (Fab) and two light (Fc) chains
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which aby is first produced after clonal selection?
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IgM
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describe the structure of each type of aby
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IgM (pentamer with J - joining - chain); IgG (monomer); IgA (monomer or dimer); IgE (monomer); IgD (monomer)
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which aby is most abudant?
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IgG
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which aby is transplacental?
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IgG
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which aby is a secretory aby?
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IgA
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which aby is a receptor on the surface of B cells?
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IgD
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which aby is responsible for anaphylaxis?
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IgE
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