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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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antibiotic
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naturally occurring
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semisynthetic
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modified antibiotics
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synthetics
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man-made chemotherapeutic agents
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antimicrobics
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refers to all antimicrobial drugs regardless of origin
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therapeutic
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treatment
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prophylaxis
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prevention
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list five desirable characteristics of the ideal antimicrobial drug
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(1) selective toxicity, (2) correct spectrum, (3) soluble, (4) long half-life, (5) non-allergenic
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list the five mechanisms of action
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(1) cell wall synthesis inhibition, (2) membrane-active agents, (3) protein synthesis inhibition, (4) antimetabolites, (5) Nucleic acid inhibition
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what mechanism of action do penicillins use?
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cell wall synthesis inhibition
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list three setbacks of penicillins
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(1) narrow spectrum, (2) destroyed by penicillinase, (3) allergenic
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what is the primary part of the penicillin drug?
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beta-lactam ring
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Penicillin V
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administered orally, acid resistant
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Penicillin G
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administered via IV, more potent
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list the broader spectrum penicillins
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ampicillin, carbenicillin
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list the penicillinase resistant penicillins
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methicillin, oxacillin, nafcillin
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what mechanism of action do cephalosporins use?
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cell wall synthesis inhibition
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how do cephalosporins compare to penicillins?
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broader spectrum, more expensive
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what happens to cephalosporins?
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commonly concentrate in the urine
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what mechanism of action do aminoglycosides use?
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protein synthesis inhibition
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streptomycin
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large spectrum (gram - and mycobacteria)
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which aminoglycoside is large spectrum?
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streptomycin
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which aminoglycosides are broad spectrum?
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gentamycin, tobramycin, kanamycin
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which aminoclycoside is for topical application?
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neomycin
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list three limitations of aminoglycosides
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(1) ototoxicity, (2) nephrotoxicity, (3) one-step resistance may occur
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