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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the natural reservoirs for Neisseria?
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None - humans are the only hosts.
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Are there sub-types of N. meningitidis?
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Yes - Serogroups are defined by capsular polysaccarides. Groups A, B, C Y, and W135 account for nearly all cases.
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What's the morphology of N. meningitidis?
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Gram negative diplococci. Oxidase Positive, ferments maltose and glucose.
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What's the route of infection for N. meningitidis?
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Person-to-person by airborne droplets
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What population has the highest incidence of N. meningitidis invasive infections?
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Six months - 2 years. 14-20y at risk.
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What allows N. meningitidis to evade innate defense?
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A polysaccharide capsule
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What populations are at risk for N. meningitidis outbreaks?
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College freshman in dorms
Military recruits |
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What region in Africa shows N. meningitidis prevalence?
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The Meningitis Belt of Central/sub-Saharan Africa.
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What are the two major diseases associated with N. meningitidis infection?
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Meningitis (50%)
Meningococcemia (33%) (Pneumonia 9%) |
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Which N. meningitidis serotype is NOT immunogenic?
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Serotype B
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Does N. meningitidis have any toxin effects?
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N. meningitidis releases a LOS (LPS-like) endotoxin, resulting in cytokine storm, complement activation, increased vascular permeability, DIC, and shock.
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What are the presenting symptoms of N. meningitidis meningitis?
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Common to other septic meningitis: Fever, HA, stiff neck (meningismus), confusion, seizure (late)
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What are the CSF findings for bacterial meningitis?
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High opening pressure, low glucose, high protein, PMNs, bacteria
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Is there a meningitis vaccine?
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The ACW135Y N. meningitidis vaccine may be used. Coverage does NOT include Serotype B.
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What are the symptoms of N. meningitidis meningococcemia?
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Acute onset, fever, N/V, rash. Late: purpuric lesions, shock.
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What's the severe form of N. meningitidis meningococcemia called?
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Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome. Symptoms include hypotension/shock, DIC, adrenal cortical insufficiency
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How is N. meningitidis diagnosed? Treated?
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Diagnosis may be performed by Gram stain and culture, but empiric antibiotic therapy required if clinically suspected.
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What systemic reaction has been weakly linked to N. meningitidis vaccination?
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Guillian Barre
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What STD is in the Neisseria family?
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Neisseria gonorrhoeae
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Is N. gonorrhoeae strictly an STD?
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No - vertical transmission is possible during childbirth.
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How is N. gonorrhoeae maintained in the population?
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Asymptomatic infection and transmission is common in women.
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What are the three pathogenic tricks of N. gonorrhoeae?
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1. Invasion of epithelial cells
2. Survives in neutrophils 3. ANTIGENIC VARIATION |
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What allows for sex partner reinfection (ping-pong transmission) of N. gonorrhoeae?
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Pathogen ANTIGENIC VARIATION
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What are the female symptoms of Gonorrhea?
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Asymptomatic. May mimic bladder infection. Dysuria, Vaginal discharge/bleeding. May progress to PID if untreated.
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What are the male symptoms of Gonorrhea?
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Asymptomatic. Penile discharge, dysuria, painful testes.
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Is N. gonorrhoeae infection limited to GU?
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No.
* Gonococcal conjunctivitis (neo and adults.) * Anorectal (anal sex * Gonococcal arthritis/disseminated infection |
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How is N. gonorrhoeae diagnosed?
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Gram stain and culture, ligase chain reaction.
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What STD is commonly co-infected with N. gonorrhoeae?
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Chlamydia
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