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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define immune response
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A sequence of related host defense events beginning when a host encounters a substance as being “foreign” or ”non-self” and leading to cellular and chemical defensive actions
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antigens
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foreign substance, such as microorganism, which triggers the immune response
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antibody
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antigen-specific proteins which bind to the antigen and assist in inactivating the antigen
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phagocytes
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certain white blood cells that ingest and digest invading microbes
-lymph nodes and spleen= site of some immune response acivities |
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What are the general functions of lymph nodes and the spleen
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processed through the lymph node and/or spleen in a filtering manner where antigens come in contact with cells of the immune system, and those cells become activated to go to into action (pre-determined type of action
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Lymph nodes
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precommitted lymphocytes- responds to local and regional infections
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Spleen
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filters blood and traps blood-borne antigens- responds to systemic infections
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State the major characteristics of antigens
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Substance appears foreign to the host’s immune system (autoimmunity
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size of Ag
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size is relatively large molecule
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chemical nature of Ag
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usually protein with complex 3-D configuration (sometimes large, complex carbohydrate molecules can be antigenic
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What is an epitope
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- specifies or determines the exact antibody to be produced
- protion of the antigen that combines with a specific antibody or T-cell recepto |
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Define antibody
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Antibodies are antigen-specific proteins which bind to specific sites on antigens and assist in inactivating the antigen by attaching to it.
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characterize antibody
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antigen specific glyocoporiteins produced/secreted by plasma cells
-account for 20% of total plasma proteins |
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Fab sites
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antigen specific binding sites “lock and key” specificity for specific antigen
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-Fc region
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binds to phagocyte
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major characteristics of constitutive response
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-vasodilatation and increased permeability in capillaries
-“call” phagocytic white blood cells - pus and swelling |
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Major characteristics of induced response
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Cell-mediated response defense based on the action of pre committed T-lymphocytes
- produce chemicals which directly fight he antigen or regulate response. |
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what is the induced responses
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- Humoral response
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what is humoral response
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-based on the role of antigen-specific immuniglobulins
-binds to the respective antigen -leads to phagocytosis or antigen destruction -Ig remains in circulation for months to years |
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Describe phagocytosis
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antigenic substance is engulfed and digested by certain white blood cells
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primary cells for phagocytosis
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macrophage and neutrophils
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chemotaxis
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movement of phagocyte towards the site of inflammation
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ingestion
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pseudopod of phagocyte surrounds
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digestion
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lysosomes let go of enzymes bactericidal substances and waste is discharged
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interferon-y, IF-y
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- T-cells
--enhance & activate macrophages & NK cells |
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Interferon-a & B
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- Leukocytes
-- Antiviral activity -- Enhance MCH-I -- Activate NK |
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MAF
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-T-cells
--Macrophage Activating Factor |
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MIF
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- T-cells
--Macrophage Inhibiting Factor |
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Colony Stimulating Factor
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- T-cells & other
-- Stimulates production & function of granulocytes & macrophages |
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Tumor Necrosis Factor
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-Macrophages & T-Lymphs
--Inflammation --Activates Macrophages --Enhances Phagocytosis |
