Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
79 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
Mobiluncus
|
an anaerobe that is involved in Gardnerella infections
|
|
|
|
Endemic typhus
|
R. typhi. Transmitted by fleas and seen in flying squirrels
|
|
|
|
Epidemic typhus
|
R. prowazekii. Transmitted by human body louse
|
|
|
|
Weil-Felix reaction
|
antibodies against Rickettsia w/ Proteus antigens leads to agglutination.
|
Coxiella has a negative Weil-Felix
|
|
|
Bacteria that needs NAD and CoA to live
|
Rickettsia
|
|
|
|
Eaton's agar
|
used to grow Mycoplasma pneumonia
|
|
|
|
Size of histo
|
3-5 um
|
|
|
|
Size of blasto
|
5-15 um
|
|
|
|
Size of coccidio
|
20-60 um
|
|
|
|
Size of paracoccidio
|
40-50 um
|
|
|
|
Sabouraud's agar
|
Cryptococcus
|
|
|
|
Morphological states of Pneumocystis jiroveci
|
trophozoite, sporozoite, cyst
|
|
|
|
Tx for PCP
|
TMP-SMX, pentamidine, dapsone
|
|
|
|
Cigar shaped budding yeasts
|
Sporothrix
|
|
|
|
Ingested nematodes
|
Enterobius, ascaris, trichinella
|
|
|
|
Cutaneous nematodes
|
Strongyloides, ancylostoma, necator
|
|
|
|
Live attenuated vaccines
|
smallpox, yellow fever, chickenpox, Sabin's polio, MMR
|
|
|
|
Only diploid virus
|
retrovirus
|
|
|
|
Viruses w/ circular genomes
|
DNA: papilloma, polyoma, hepadnavirus
|
RNA: bunyavirus, arenavirus, deltavirus
|
|
|
DNA virus replciation
|
in the nucleus, with the exception of poxvirus
|
|
|
|
RNA virus replication
|
in the cytoplasm, with the exception of retroviruses and orthomyxovirus
|
|
|
|
Virus w/ envelope from nuclear membrane
|
Herpesvirus
|
|
|
|
Naked viruses
|
Calcivirus, picornavirus, reovirus, parvovirus, adenovirus, papilloma, polyoma, hepevirus
|
|
|
|
Hepadnavirus life cycle
|
Enters cell, uses virion DNA-dependent DNA polymerase to complete it's partial circular DNA. It then uses the host cell's DNA dependent RNA polymerase to make RNA, and subsequently proteins. It then uses a virion reverse transcriptase to make DNA so that it can make new viruses
|
|
|
|
Roseola
|
high fevers for several days that can cause seizures, followed by diffuse macular rash that spares the face
|
|
|
|
HHV-8 MOA
|
inactivates rb gene, leads to increased VEGF production, and uncontrolled cell prolifieration
|
|
|
|
Congenital varicella syndrome
|
cutaneous scarring, limb hypoplasia, growth retardation, eye defects
|
|
|
|
Rotavirus MOA
|
causes villous destruction w/ atrophy which leads to decreased absoprtion of Na+ and water
|
|
|
|
Togavirus that causes a fine truncal rash
|
subella
|
|
|
|
Only paramyxovirus that doesn't use HA or NA
|
RSV. Uses protein G instead
|
|
|
|
Increased amylase + meningoencephalitis
|
Mumps
|
|
|
|
Virus w/ glycoprotein that binds nicotinic receptors of NMJ
|
rabies virus
|
|
|
|
Arboviridae
|
flavivirus, togavirus, bunyavirus
|
|
|
|
Where does HIV replicate during the latent phase
|
lymph nodes
|
|
|
|
AIDS dementia
|
personality changes, depression, balance difficulty
|
|
|
|
Vibrio vulnificus
|
found in contaminated seafood and causes gastroenteritis + cellulitis
|
|
|
|
Reheated meat dish toxin
|
Colstridium perfringens
|
|
|
|
Eosin methylene blue agar
|
E. coli show metallic sheen
|
|
|
|
Struvite stones w/ "swarming" on agar
|
protease, also urease positive
|
|
|
|
Rash on trunk w/ lesions of different age
|
chickenpox
|
|
|
|
Infection of liver capsule and violin string adhesions of parietal peritoneum to liver
|
Fitz-hugh-Curtis syndrome, often due to PID
|
|
|
|
Likely contracted infection if you work in a renal dialysis unit
|
HBV
|
|
|
|
DIfference between Kaposi and Bacillary angiomatosis on biopsy
|
Kaposi is lymphocytic infiltrate, Bartonella is neutrophilic infiltrate
|
|
|
|
Aminopenicillin uses
|
Haemophilus, E. coli, Listeria, Proteus, Salmonella, enterococci (Aminopenicillin HELPS kill enterococci)
|
|
|
|
1st generation cephalosporins
|
cefazolin, cephalexin
|
Proteus, E. coli, Klebsiella (PEcK)
|
|
|
2nd generation cephalosporins
|
cefoxitin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime
|
Haemophilus, Enterobacter aerogenes, Neisseria, Proteus, E. coli, klebsiella, Serratia (HEN PEcKS)
|
|
|
3rd generation cephalosporins
|
cetriaxone, cefotaxime, ceftazidime
|
meningitis, gonorrhea
|
|
|
4th generation cephalosporins
|
cefepime
|
increased range for gram (+) bacteria
|
|
|
Aztreonam use
|
for penicillin-allergic patients and those w/ renal insufficiency who cannot tolerate aminoglycosides. Only gram (-) rods
|
|
|
|
Cilastatin
|
inhibitor of renal dihydropeptidase I, allowing imipenem to work
|
|
|
|
Vancomycin S/E
|
nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, thrombophlebitis, diffuse flushing
|
|
|
|
Aminoglycoside S/E
|
nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, teratogen
|
|
|
|
Don't take tetracyclines with...
|
milk, antacids, or iron-containing preparations because divalent cations inhibit its absorption in the gut
|
|
|
|
ADH antagonist
|
demeclocycline
|
|
|
|
Uses for macrolides
|
Mycoplasma, legionella, chlamydia, neisseria, streptococcus, URIs, pneumonias, STDs
|
|
|
|
Chloramphenicol uses
|
meningitis. not used much anymore because of the toxicities (gray baby, dose independent aplastic anemia)
|
|
|
|
Nalidixic acid
|
a quinolone
|
|
|
|
Fluoroquinolone S/E
|
headache, dizziness, tendonitis/tendon rupture in adults, leg cramps/myalgias in children. Contraindicated in pregnancy due to cartilage damage
|
|
|
|
Gatifloxacin S/E
|
dysglycemia
|
|
|
|
Metronidazole MOA and S/E
|
MOA: forms toxic metabolites in bacterial cell that damage DNA
|
S/E: disulfiram-like reaction, metallic taste
|
|
|
Polymyxins MOA and S/E
|
MOA: cationic, basic molecule that binds to cell membranes of bacteria and disrupt their osmotic properties
|
S/E: neurotoxicity, acute tubular necrosis
|
|
|
Pyrazinamide S/E
|
dose-dependent hepatotoxicity, hyperuricemia
|
|
|
|
Ethambutol MOA
|
inhibits polymerization of arabinoglycan in cell wall
|
|
|
|
Isoniazid S/E
|
neurotoxicity (seizures, peripheral neuropathy), drug induced lupus, pyridoxine deficiency, hepatotoxicity
|
|
|
|
Amphotericin B S/E
|
fever/chills, hypotension, nephrotoxicity, arrhythmias
|
Hydration reduces nephrotoxicity. Liposomal amphotericin reduces toxicity
|
|
|
Flucytosine use
|
Cryptococcus in AIDS patients, in addition to amphotericin B
|
|
|
|
Use of terbinafine
|
dermatophytoses (especially onychomycosis)
|
|
|
|
Griseofulvin use and S/E
|
Use: dermatophytes because it accumulates in keratin containing tissues
|
S/E: teratogenic, carcinogenic, induces P450, granulocytopenia, hepatotoxicity
|
|
|
Amantadine S/E
|
Cerebellar stuff: ataxia, dizziness, slurred speech. Rimantidine is a derivative w/ fewer CNS side effects because it doesn't cross the BBB
|
|
|
|
Ribavirin MOA and uses
|
inhibits synthesis of guanine nucleotides by competitively inhibiting IMP dehydrogenase
|
Uses: RSV, chronic hepatitis C
|
|
|
Ganciclovir S/E
|
leukopenia, neutropenia, renal toxicity
|
|
|
|
Protease inhibitor S/E
|
hyperglycemia, GI intolerance, lipodystrophy, thrombocytopenia, renal stones
|
|
|
|
Nucleoside RTIs
|
zidovudine, didanosine, zalcitabine, stavudine, lamivudine, abacavir
|
S/E: bone marrow suppression, lactic acidosis, pancreatitis (didanosine), megaloblastic anemia (zidovudine)
|
|
|
Non-nucleoside RTIs
|
Nevirapine, Efavirenz, Delavirdine
|
S/E: hepatotoxicity (presents w/ flulike symptoms and jaundice), TEN, SJS
|
|
|
Enfuvirtide MOA and S/E
|
MOA: bind viral gp41
|
S/E: hypersensitivity, subcutaneous reaction
|
|
|
Raltegravir MOA
|
MOA: prevents insertion of viral dsDNA into host genome by inhibiting integrase
|
|
|
|
Maraviroc MOA and S/E
|
MOA: CCR5 antagonist that prevents binding of gp120 to CCR5 on CD4 cells
|
S/E: hepatotoxicity
|
|
|
Erythromycin effect during pregnancy
|
acute cholestatic hepatits in mom
|
|
|
|
Metronidazole effect during pregnancy
|
mutagenesis
|
|
