Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
useful in treating penicillinase resistant bacteria
|
methicillin
|
beta-lactam/penicillin
|
|
|
penicillin + Beta-lactam inhibitor
|
augmentin
|
beta-lactam/penicillin
|
|
|
these drugs are given if patient has penicillin allergies & is resistant to beta-lactamases
|
carbapenems & monobactams
|
beta-lactam
|
|
|
inhibits formation of glycan chains; doesn't cross lipid membrane therefore gram (+) only
|
vancomycin
|
beta-lactam
|
|
|
inteferes with peptidoglycan precursors
|
bacitracin
|
beta-lactam
|
|
|
effective against enterobacteriaceae
|
monobactams
|
beta-lactam
|
|
|
example of broad spec cephalosporin
|
cephalexin
|
beta-lactam/1st generation ceph
|
|
|
this class of drugs have chemical structures that make them resistant to inactivation by certain β-lactamases
Tend to have low affinity to penicillin-binding proteins of Gram (+) bacteria |
cephalosporins
|
beta-lactam
|
|
|
this class:
Irreversibly binds to 30S ribosomal subunit Causes distortion and malfunction of ribosome Blocks initiation translation Causes misreading of mRNA |
aminoglycosides
|
|
|
|
what are possible side effects of aminoglycosides?
|
nephrotoxicity & ototoxicity
|
|
|
|
gentamycin is an example of _______ (class)
|
aminoglycosides
|
|
|
|
streptomycin is an example of ____ (class)
|
aminoglycosides
|
|
|
|
tobramycin is an example of _____ (class)
|
aminoglycosides
|
|
|
|
what class
Reversibly bind 30S ribosomal subunit Blocks attachment of tRNA to ribosome Prevents continuation of protein synthesis |
tetracyclines
|
|
|
|
Tetracyclines are (broad/narrow) spectrum antibiotics.
|
broad
|
|
|
|
What class is used as the drug of choice for patients with penicillin allergies?
|
Macrolids
|
|
|
|
This class
Reversibly binds to 50S ribosome Prevents continuation of protein synthesis |
Macrolids
|
|
|
|
This class is effective against variety of Gram (+) organisms and those responsible for atypical pneumonia
|
Macrolids
|
|
|
|
Erythromycin
|
Macrolid
|
|
|
|
clarithromycin
|
Macrolid
|
|
|
|
azithromycin
|
macrolid
|
|
|
|
This drug binds to 50S ribosomal subunit & Prevents peptide bonds from forming and blocking proteins synthesis
Used as last resort for life-treatening infections |
chloramphenicol
|
|
|
|
This class
Binds to 50S ribosomal subunit Prevents continuation of protein synthesis Inhibits variety of Gram (+) and Gram (-) organisms Useful in treating infections from intestinal perforation (Especially effective against Bacterioides fragilis and Clostridium difficile) |
Lincosamides
|
|
|
|
Clindamycin
|
Lincosamides
|
|
|
|
Newer class of antimicrobials that bind 50S ribosomal subunit & interfere with initiation of proteins synthesis
|
Oxazolidinones
|
|
|
|
Bonds to two different sites on 50S ribosomal subunit
|
Streptogramins
|
|
|
|
Synergistic combination of quinupristin and dalfopristin
|
Synercid
|
|
|
|
This class
Effective against variety of Gram (+) bacteria Especially those resistant to β-lactams and vancomycin |
Streptogramins
|
|
|
|
inhibit topoisomerase gyrase
broad spec |
Fluoroquinolones
|
|
|
|
ciprofloxacin
|
Fluoroquinolone
|
|
|
|
ofloxacin
|
Fluoroquinolone
|
|
|
|
rifampin
|
Rifamycin
|
|
|
|
Block prokaryotic RNA polymerase
Block initiation of transcription |
Rifamycins
|
|
|
|
used to treat mostly gram (+), Mycobacterium TB, Hansen's disease & those exposed to N. meningitis
|
Rifampin
|
Rifamycins
|
|
|
inhibit growth by competitive inhibition of PABA
broad spec |
sulfonamides
|
|
|
|
PABA is an enzyme required for ____
|
folic acid synthesis
|
|
|
|
the resistance for both sulfonamides & _____ are usually on the same plasmid
|
trimethoprim
|
|
|
|
1st aid skin ointment; binds to gram (-) membrane
|
polymixin B
|
|
|
|
1st line drugs used to treat Myco TB (list all 5)
|
Think: (RIPES)
Rifampin Isoniazid Pyrazinamide Ethambutol Streptomycin |
|
|
|
quantitative test used to determine minimum effective dose
|
MIC
|
|
|
|
qualitative test used to determine susceptibility of antibiotic; utilizes a zone of inhibition
|
Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion/ disc diffusion test
|
|
|
|
qualitative test that uses a strip with a gradient concentration of the antibiotic; utilizes a zone of inhibition
|
E-test
|
|
|
|
these two drugs block uncoating of flu virus
|
amantadine, rimantadine
|
|
|
|
this class of antivirals get phosphorylated & then incorporated during transcription causing termination
|
nucleoside analogs
|
|
|
|
Zidovudine (AZT)
|
nucleoside analogs
|
|
|
|
didanosine (dal)
|
nucleoside analogs
|
|
|
|
lamivudine (3TC)
|
nucleoside analogs
|
|
