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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Oral Cavity Flora: Describe Niches available
What promotes growth |
heterogeneous aerobic and anaerobic
High concentrations of nutrients near surface |
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Describe tooth structure and why unique habitat
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Consists of mineral matrix (enamal) surrounding by living tissue ( dentin and palp)
tooth composed of calcium crystals, and not cells, therefor no active immune system |
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Define dextran and its effects
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produced by streptococcus mutants from sucrose
aids in attachments of microbes to tooth surface from extracellular matrix creating a aerobic surface and anerobic environment underneath dextran build up attached microbes (S. mutants and lactobicilli) ferment sucrose to produce lactic acid Lactic acid demineralizes tooth enamel by solubilizing calcium |
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define lactic acid and its effects
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Lactic acid demineralizes tooth enamel by solubilizing calcium
microbes attached to dextram (S. mutants and lactobicilli) ferment sucrose to produce lactic acid |
floride strengthens tooth and makes tooth more resistant to lactic acid
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How to microbes colonize tooth surface?
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by attaching to acidic glycoproteins deposited by saliva
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How does dental plaque develop?
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Streptococcus mutants attach to acidic glycoproteins deposited by saliva.
S. mutants use sucrose to synthesize dextran, which aids attachements of other bacteria as more bacteria attach, more dextran is produced, creating a aerobic and anaerobic environment |
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Streptococcus mutants
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produced dextran from sucrose on tooth = plaque
establishes microbial colony |
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Why is there a diversity of microorganisms in the GI tract?
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Diversity of environments.
varying in pH and oxygen levels |
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Describe conditions of human colon
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ph 7 , very low oxygen
strict anaerobes and facultative aerobes present site of cellulose breakdown by ruminococcus |
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Describe the types of microorganism in the human colon
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(1) ones that digest complex carbohydrates (cellulose, starch) and produce VFA
(2) large intestinal microorganisms that ferment VFA to produce CO2 and H2 (3) methanogens that convert CO2 and H2 into methane (CH4) --only in 1/3 of adults (4) sulfate reducers that ferment cystine and methionine (contain S) and produce h2S -- h2S is responsible for smell when they interact with other organic compounds |
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Explain how microorganisms contribute to maturation of the GI tract
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important for early development, health and predisposition for diesease
absence of certain worms in GI tract linked to allergies more methanogens = fatty --because all excess H produced are converted to methane and do not black fermination and thus increase VFA amounts |
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What to GI microorganisms provide to host
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carry out essential metabolic reactions (ie breakdown of cellulose)
provide vitamins |
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Describe the microbiology of the respiratory tract
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Upper RT: many microorganisms
nose and nasopharynx similar to mouth (staphylococci, strptococci, cortnebacteria) nasopharynx may harbor potential pathogens but immune system has them under control ==Healthy Carrier Lowe RT: sterile in healthy individuals special mechanism and immune system prevent colonization |
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True or False:
Bacteria can be non-pathogenic at one site but pathogenic at another |
True
Ex. normal microbes of the vaginal tract ( i.e. proteus mirabillus) will cause infection in the the urinary tract and bladder |
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Genitourinary Tract microbiology and why?
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generally sterile
due to flushing of urine |
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Vaginal Tract:
Why does the microbiota of sexual mature differ from non-sexual mature/active |
Hormones control the concentrations of glycogen of vaginal epithelium
When sexually mature the concentration of glycogen in higher. Microorganisms take advantage and convert glycogen into lactic acid increased lactic acid make the vagina more acidic (4.5 ph) and therefore helps prevent infection |
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7 sterile zones
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Blood
Spinal Fluid Internal portion of Urinary and Reproductive Tract Peritoneal (gut) Pleural (Lungs Sinus Interior of body tissues (bones, muscles) |
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