Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Gram positives stain ____ in the gram stain, while Gram negatives stain _________
|
blue; red
|
|
|
layer just outside the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane
|
peptidoglycan layer/cell wall (present in both gram neg and pos)
|
|
|
enzyme that catalyses the formation of the linkage of amino acids of the peptidoglycans?
|
transpeptidase (this is where penicillin works)
|
|
|
t/F bacterial cytoplasmic membrane has no cholesterol or other sterols
|
T
|
|
|
important polysaccharide present in gram positive wall
|
teichoic acid
|
|
|
coccobacilli: defn
|
short bacilli/rods
|
|
|
T/F 6 classic gram positive bugs that cause disease in humans, and every other organism is gram-negative.
|
T
|
|
|
What are the 6 classic gram positive bugs?
|
2 cocci
1) Staphlyococcus 2) Streptococcus 4 bacilli 2 spore-producers 3) Bacillus 4) Clostridium 2 non spore forming 5) Corynebacterium 6) Listeria |
|
|
One group of gram-negative cocci
|
Diplococcus.
Neisseria |
|
|
Causes syphilis
|
Treponema pallidum
|
|
|
Group that includes organisms causing leprosy and tuberculosis
|
mycobacteria
|
|
|
What do mycobacteria stain with?
|
Acid-fast
|
|
|
2 subunits of bacterial ribosomes
|
30S and 50S
|
|
|
Erythromycin works at the ____- subunit, while tetracycline blocks protein synthesis at the ____ subunit
|
50S; 30S (thirty and tetracycline start with T)
|
|
|
Gram-positive obligate anaerobes
|
Clostridium
|
|
|
Gram-negative obligate anaerobes
|
Bacteroides
|
|
|
Why can microaerophilic bacteria tolerate some but not a lot of oxygen?
|
They use fermentation but have no electron transport system. Can tolerate low amounts of oxygen because they have superoxide dismutase but no catalase
|
|
|
Why are obligate intracellular organisms like they are?
|
They have no pathways to synthesize ATP and have to steal it from their host.
|
|
|
Examples of obligate intracellular organisms
|
Chlamydia and Rickettsia
|
|
|
What is the basal body?
|
What the flagellum is affixed to
|
|
|
What are periplasmic flagella?
|
specialized flagella possessed by spirochetes that run sideways under outer membrane sheath
|
|
|
How is bacillus anthracis unique?
|
Its capsule is made of amino acid residues (usually capsules are made of simple sugar residues)
|
|
|
What tests enable identification of capsulated bacteria?
|
India ink stain (not taken up by the capsule); Quellung reaction (mixed with antibodies that bind to the capsule, when they bind the capsule swells with water and can be visualized microscopically)
|
|
|
These Rascals May Microscopically Lack Color
|
Mneumonic for which bacteria don't gram stain well. Tends to be intracellular parasites or those without cell walls.
Treponema; Rickettsia, Mycoplasma, Mycobacteria, Legionella pneumophila, Chlamydia |
|
|
Nagging Pests Must Breathe
|
Mneumonic for which bacteria are obligate aerobes.
Nocardia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Bacillus |
|
|
Particular Kinds Have Urease
|
which bacteria have urease.
Proteus, Klebsiella, H. pylori, Ureaplasma |
|
|
Some Killers Have Nice Shiny Bodies
|
for which bacteria have capsule as virulence (prevents phagocytosis)
Streptococcus pneumoniae; Klebsiella pnuemoniae; H. Influenzae type B; Neisseria meningitidis; Salmonella, group B strep |
|
|
Genes for what 5 bacterial toxins encoded by lysogenic phage?
|
ABCDE
shigA Botulinum Cholera toxin Diphtheria toxin Erythrogenic toxin of S. pyogenes (Scarlet fever, TSS) |
|
|
Which strep are optochin sensitive?
|
OVRPS
Optochin: Viridans is resistant, Pneumoniae is sensitive (both at α hemolysis) |
|
|
Ghon focus is associated with (primary or secondary) tuberculosis
|
Primary
|
|
|
HaEMOPhilus: what diseases?
|
Epiglottitis: Children
Meningitis Otitis Media Pneumonia |
|
|
How to differentiate Salmonella vs. Shigella?
|
Salmon Swim (Salmonella is motile)
|
|
|
the spirochetes
|
BLT
Borrelia Leptospira Treponema |
|
|
BAKE a key LYME pie
|
symptoms of Lyme disease.
Bell's palsy Arthritis Kardiac block Erythema migrans |
|
|
How is the Rickettsia (RMSF) rash different than the Typhus rash?
|
Rickettsia on the wRists; Typhus on the Trunk
Rickettsial rash starts on hands and feet; typhus starts on trunk |
|
|
Treatment for ALL rickettsial diseases
|
Doxycyline
|
|
|
β lactamase inhibitors
|
CAST
Clavulanic acid, sulbactam, tazobactam |
|
|
Implication of tetracyclines being able to accumulate well intracellularly
|
Good for intracellular bugs: Rickettsia and Chlamydia
|
