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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are five classes of MO
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viruses
bacteria fungi protozoa |
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can we see single cells?
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no we see colonies
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what are animalicules
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bacteria
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who saw animalicules
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anton van leewenhook
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since we can't just look under a microscope to id anything we depend on ....
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chemistry
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define contrast
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difference in densities between specimen and surroudning medium
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contrast is a function of..
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the sample
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resolution is a function of ...
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the optics
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describe the chromosome of prok
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one all coding circular
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describe the chromosome of euk
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linear
multiple introns and exons |
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describe prok size
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1-2 micrometers
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describe euk size
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2-200 micrometers
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describe the general characteristics of protozoans
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unicellular
no CW motile aquatic parasitic pinocytosis phagocytosis |
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pinocytosis
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nutrients are sucked through the cell membrane into a membrane bound vesicle
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phagocytosis
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extensionso f cell membrane surround organic matter and brings it into cell as a membrane bound vesicle
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what are four types of protozoans
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FACS
flagellates amoeba ciliates sporozoans |
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what are examples of each of FACS protozoans
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trypanosoma
entabmoeba histolytica paramecium plasmodium |
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what causes malaria
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plasmodium
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what causes wood breakdown in termites
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paramecium
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what are four types of fungi
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MMYS
molds mushrooms yeast slimemolds |
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describe mold
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filamentous fugni
sporulating multiple filaments or hyphae ie penicillium |
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a mushroom is a ____ structure
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reproductive
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describe yeast
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unicellular
not filamentous NO colonies cocci reproduce sexually or asexually |
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why is a slimemold a cross between fungia nd protozoa
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spores and lifecycle like fungi
motile like protozoa |
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describe algae
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chlorophyll
oygenic photosynthesizers unicellular colonial filamentous cell walls of cellulose indicator of water cleanliness may be motile |
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what causes redtide
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dinoflagellates associated with excess N and P
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the cell wall is ____ permeable
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highly
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what does the cell wall determine
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morphology and shape
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is the cell wall rigid or flexible
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rigid
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NAM =
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N acetylmuramic acid
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NAG =
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N acetylglucosamine
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what does penicillin attack
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O between nam and nag
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what happens in antibiotic resistance with penicillin
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slight bond configuration change so antibiotic cannot find that O
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is the cell membrane rigid or fluid
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fluid
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what does the fluid mosaic model state
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membrane itself is fluid
mosaic of proteins exists ability of the mosaic to change and more about he membrane provides efficiency in nutrient uptake and therefere survivability |
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what is imbedded in the OM of a GN bacti
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LPS lipopolysaccharide
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is the immune response to lps strong or mild
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strong
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what makes up the lps from inside to out
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lipid a
core polysac o polysac |
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what is imbedded in the CW of gp
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techoic acid and lipotechoic acid
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what does etoh do to the cell wall
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dehydrates and helps it hold the complex
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ribosomes are involved in ____
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translation mRNA to proteins
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where is the chromosme located
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nucleosome
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what makes up the flagella
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basal body: motor
flagellum itself |
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what is in the basal body and what does each do
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mot and fli
mot is turn fli is directio nof turning |
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the __ proteins tell the __ proteins what to do
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fli tell mot
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what are three types of flagella
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polar
peritrichous lophotrichois |
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the flagella is anchored into the _____
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basal body which is embedded in the cell wall
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why is it important that the flagella is embedded in the CW
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doesn't move with fluid mosaic
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CCW =
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run
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cW -
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tumble
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define chemotaxis
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a response to chemical gradients in a cells environment that results in bacteria moving through their evnironemtn in a series of runs and tumbles
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what do fimbriae and pili do
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fimbriae is adhesion
pili is conjugation |
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what do gas vesicles do
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bouyancy to cells
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what is the purpose of the glycocalyx
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protection from dessication and phagocytosis
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what are examples of stroage polymers
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carbon
polyphosphate elemental sulfur magnetoxsomes |
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change in g is ...
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the amount of E in a system avail to do work
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define reductio potential
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difference between e donors and acceptors
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what are two types of E used in the cell
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ATP
NADPH |
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what are the E classifications of bacti
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chemooragno use organic glucose
chemolitho use inorganic H2 phototroph use light |
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what are the C classifications
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hetertroph use organic glucose
autotroph use CO2 for C |
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what is the goal of ETC
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to generate a proton gradient for atp production
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what is the goal of PPP
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make NADPH for biosynthetic pathways
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what is the equation for glycolysis
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glucose + 2ADP + 2P + 2NAD+
2 pyruvate + 2ATP + 2NADH |
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what occurs in the TCA
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complete degredation of glucose
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what is the equation for TCA
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pyruvate + 4ADP + FAD + GDP
3CO2 + 4NADH + FADH2 + GTP |
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what is anaerobic respriation
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when TEA is something other than O2
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ATP production by the ETC is called
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oxidative phosphorylation
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NADH = _ATP
FADH2 = __ ATP |
3
2 |
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how many atp are made in tca
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30
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how many atp are made in glycolysis
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8 atp
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what is increased in concentration in spore formation
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Ca2+
dipicolinic acid |
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define metabolism
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sum of all chemcial reactions in the cell
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