Micro Lecture Exam 1B

Front 1

The equation for an electron donating 1/2 reaction

Back 1

A--> e- + B

(H2-->2e- +2H)

Front 2

The equation for an electron accepting 1/2 reaction

Back 2

A + e- --> B

(1/2 O2 + 2e- --> O2-)

Front 3

What is a reduction potential

Back 3

a measure of how easily it will give up or receive electrons in a reaction

Front 4

Electron Tower ges from ________ to _______

Back 4

glucose and CO2 to O2 and H2O

Front 5

The units used to measure energy

Back 5

Volts

Front 6

Electron donors are _____ energy sources

Back 6

good

Front 7

As electrons are given up by an electron donor, they fall down the electron tower and are caught by these

Back 7

electron acceptors

Front 8

(equation) the amount of energy used to do work is

Back 8

# of electrons multiplied by the distance they fall

Front 9

fermentation and respiration both start with this

Back 9

glucose oxidation

Front 10

how many electrons are carried down the electron tower?

Back 10

24 (in steps)

Front 11

what do electron carriers do?

Back 11

capture energy

Front 12

example of an electron carrier that is soluble (in cytoplasm)

Back 12

NAD+ or NADP+

Front 13

electron carriers are found in 2 forms

Back 13

membrane bound and membrane soluble forms

Front 14

Definition of Fermentation

Back 14

Oxidation of an organic compound to yield energy (trapped as ATP) where the electrons generated are accepted by an internal electron acceptor (pyruvate in the case of glycolysis)

Front 15

Definition of Respiration

Back 15

Oxidation of an organic or inorganic energy source in which electrons pass down an electron transport chain and are accepted by an external electron acceptor (ex: Oxygen, Nitrate, Sulfate, etc.)

Front 16

What is substrate level phosphorlation?

Back 16

enzymes rearrange compound, focus energy on one bond to break it, and produces ATP (this is not efficient)

Front 17

Fermintation uses this process to form energy

Back 17

SLP

Front 18

The 3 stages of Fermintation are:

Back 18

1. preparatory reactions (rearrangement)
2. Oxidation (O2 given up)
3. Reduction (makes fermintation products)

Front 19

what is glycolysis?

Back 19

a 1/2 reaction (oxidation)

Front 20

the difference between glycolysis in Fermintation and respiration is this

Back 20

what the pyruvate does (in fermintation it dumps electrons and in respiration it turns into acetyl CoA, then goes into Citric Acid Cycle)

Front 21

pyruvate in fermintation does this

Back 21

pyruvate dumps electrons

Front 22

pyruvate in respiration does this

Back 22

turns into Acetyl CoA, then goes into citric acid cycle

Front 23

what is an Internal electron acceptor

Back 23

something the bug makes by itself (pyruvate)

Front 24

what is an External electron acceptor

Back 24

something the bug uses that it doesn't make, from environment (likie O2)

Front 25

5 things to know about fermintation

Back 25

1. Yields Energy
2. Uses ORGANIC compounds
3. Only uses SLP to get energy
4. Uses an internal Electron acceptor (something bug makes on its own)
5. Is wasteful with energy

Front 26

In respiration, oxygen is preferred... why?

Back 26

creates more energy

Front 27

Proton Motor Force in respiration can convert to this

Back 27

ATP

Front 28

In respiration, SLP gives this

Back 28

extra energy

Front 29

how does glucose get completely oxidized to CO2?

Back 29

24 steps, slowly so as not to lose energy all at once

Front 30

to spot a SLP in citric acid cycle, you are looking for this

Back 30

GDP --> GTP

Front 31

To spot an oxidation in citric acid cycle, you are looking for this:

Back 31

NAD --> NADH
or
NADP --> NADPH

Front 32

What is oxidative phosphorlation?

Back 32

only in respiration
is the oxidation of nutrients to produce ATP

Front 33

In respiration, movement down ETC is used to do this

Back 33

pump portons out of the cell

Front 34

glycolysis produces this in both resp and ferm

Back 34

pyruvate

Front 35

if you put electrons on O2, you get this

Back 35

lots of energy

Front 36

Chemo-org and Chemo-lith electrons are:

Back 36

not put on O2

Front 37

where is energy produced in respiration?

Back 37

cell membrane

Front 38

where is energy produced in fermintation?

Back 38

cytoplasm

Front 39

ATPase does this

Back 39

converts PMF to ATP

Front 40

Glucose uses this transporter in the cell

Back 40

group translocation

Front 41

glycolysis does this

Back 41

converts glucose to pyruvate (produces small amount of ATP)

Front 42

redox means

Back 42

reduction/oxidation reaction

Front 43

How much oxidation occurs in fermintation?

Back 43

not much

Front 44

How much oxidation occurs in respiration?

Back 44

alot

Front 45

what is done with electrons in fermintation?

Back 45

nothing

Front 46

what is done with electrons in respiration?

Back 46

go to ETC to produce energy

Front 47

what are the products formed in fermintation?

Back 47

fermentation products = lots

Front 48

what are the products formed in respiration?

Back 48

H2O and CO2

Front 49

how is energy produced in fermintation?

Back 49

SLP

Front 50

how is energy produced in respiration?

Back 50

Oxidative phosphorlation and a little bit of SLP

Front 51

what is gibbs free energy?

Back 51

the evergy availible to do work

Front 52

oxidation describes

Back 52

the loss of electrons

Front 53

reduction describes

Back 53

the gain of electrons

Front 54

Oxidation Equation looks like this:

Back 54

X+E=product

Front 55

Reduction Equation looks like this:

Back 55

X=Product+E

Front 56

Oxidizing agent is an

Back 56

electron acceptor

Front 57

Reducing Agent is an

Back 57

electron donor

Front 58

Key points to know in Fermentation...

Back 58

Uses only SLP
NO PMF
Internal Electron Acceptor
Partial Oxidation means wasteful with energy
Only Organic Compounds are used

Front 59

Key Points to know in Respiration...

Back 59

Uses ETC and SLP
PMF is used
External Electron Acceptor
Not wasteful with energy, goes though complete oxidation, glucose goes to CO2
Uses Organic and Inorganic compounds

Front 60

electrons are given up by ____________ as they fall down the electron tower and are caught by ____________

Back 60

electron donor
electron acceptor