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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Koch's postulates-purpose?
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specific process to determine the etiology of an infectious disease
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Koch's Postulate 1
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The suspected pathogen must be found in all cases of disease but not in healthy individuals
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Koch's Postulate 2
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The suspected pathogen must be isolated from a diseased host and grown in pure culture.
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Koch's postulate 3
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The pure culture must produce the same symptoms when inoculated into a healthy susceptible host.
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Koch's Postulate 4
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The same pathogen must be isolated from the secondary host.
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Pure culture: Define?
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Consists of only one species
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Koch used his postulates to prove?
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Bacillus anthracis causes anthrax
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Exceptions to Koch's postulates 1
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Some pathogens cannot be grown in pure culture;viruses and some bacteria are obligate intracellular parasites
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Exceptions to Koch's postulates 2
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many pathogens are species-specific-may be no animal models for human disease
-HIV, Cholera |
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Exceptions to Koch's postulates 3
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some pathogens can persist as "carriers" who have no symptoms
-i.e. tuberculosis-after getting disease and recovering may be carrier |
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Exceptions to Koch's postulates 4
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Some micoorganisms can cause more than one disease
-i.e. Staphylococcus aureus |
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Exceptions to Koch's postulates 5
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Some diseases (sets of symptoms) have more than one cause
-i.e. pneumonia |
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cells that have fused together
aka? |
syncytial
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Aims of medical microbiology?
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1.Identify the causative agent
2. Cure or prevent the disease |
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Early vaccination
think of? |
Lady Mary Montagu
Innoculation parties Smallpox |
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Pasteur-Vaccination discovery
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rabies
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These two's research pointed towards viruses?
What were some of their observations? |
Pasteur and Koch
Some pathogens were too small to see with light micro and pass through filters that trap bacteria. These pathogens must be grown in cells. |
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Koch's postulates mod for viruses
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viral particles,viral proteins,viral nucleic acids or antibodies specific to the virus are present in infected individuals and not present in uninfected individuals
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Koch's postulates mod for viruses 2
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viruses can be grown in tissue culture or observed in infected tissues under electron microscope
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Koch's postulates mod for viruses
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cell-free filtrates of infected material produce disease in animal models or in tissue culture
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Koch's postulates mod for viruses
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Viral particles from second host look the same and have same molec. characteristic as the original isolate.
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cocci-definition
different variations? |
cocci-speres
diplococci-pairs staphylococci-grape-like clusters tetrads-4 cocci in a square sarcina-cubic configuration of 8 cocci |
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bacilli-definition
different variations? |
rods
coccobacilli-very short rods vibrios-curved rods |
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spirilla-definition
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rigid helices
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spirochetes-definition
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flexible helices
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pleomorphic-definition
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varied in shape
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bacteria-size range
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0.3 um to 50 um in diameter
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