Micro Lec Quiz 3

Front 1

What is Pathology?

Back 1

The study of disease

Front 2

What is Etiology?

Back 2

The study of the cause of a disease

Front 3

What is pathogenesis?

Back 3

The development of disease

Front 4

What is disease?

Back 4

An abnormal state in which the body is not functioning normally

Front 5

Local vs. Systemic

Back 5

• Local: small area (ex: topical skin infections).
• Systemic: Whole body

Front 6

Describe the 5 disease stages.

(figure 14.5/pg 140)

Back 6

1. Incubation period: No signs or symptoms.
2. Prodromal period: Mild signs and symptoms.
3. Period of Illness: Most severe signs and symptoms
4. Period of decline: Signs and symptoms
5. Period of convalescence

Front 7

What are the different occurrences of disease?

Back 7

• Sporadic: disease that occurs occasionally (Typhoid fever)
• Endemic: disease constantly present in population (Common cold)
• Epidemic: disease that many people get in a short time (Influenza)
• Pandemic: An epidemic disease that occurs worldwide (Influenza and AIDS)

Front 8

What is Symbiosis and what are the different types of Symbiosis?

Back 8

Symbiosis: Relationship between normal mitochondria and the host.

• Commensalism: A symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is unaffected.(most human normal microbes)
• Mutualism: both organisms benefit.(production of Vitamins B and K by E.coli)
• Parasitism: one organism benefits at the expense of the other. (disease causing)

Front 9

What are the differences between acute, chronic, and latent?

Back 9

• Acute: Symptoms develop rapidly
• Chronic: Disease develops slowly
• Latent: Disease with a period of no symptoms when the causative agent is inactive.

Front 10

What are Koch's 4 postulates?

Back 10

Aids in disease Etiology

(to prove the cause of an infectious disease)

1. The same pathogen must be present in every case of disease.
2. The pathogen must be isolated from the diseased host and grown in pure culture.
3. The pathogen from the pure culture must cause the disease when it is inoculated into a healthy, susceptible lab animal.
4. The pathogen must be isolated from the inoculated animal and must be shown to be the original animal.

Front 11

What is infection?

Back 11

The growth of microorganisms in the body. (colonization of body by pathogens).

Front 12

What is Primary vs. Secondary?

Back 12

• Primary: Acute infection that causes the initial illness.
• Secondary: Opportunistic infection after a primary (predisposing) infection.

Front 13

Normal micobacteria

vs.

Transient micobacteria

Back 13

• Normal micobacteria: permanently colonize the host

• Transient micobacteria: May be present for days, weeks, or months.

Front 14

What do E.coli's bacteriocins do?

Back 14

Bacteria secreted proteins which inhibits/kills other bacteria.

Front 15

Incidence vs. Prevalence

Back 15

• Incidence: fraction of population that contracts a disease during a specific time. (short term)
• Prevalence: fraction of the population having a specific disease at a given time. (long term old/new)

Front 16

Communicable vs. Noncommunicable

Back 16

• Communicable: disease that is spread from one host to another.
• Noncommunicable: disease that is not transmitted from one host to another.

Front 17

Signs vs. Symptoms

Back 17

• Signs: change in a body that can be measured or observed as a result of a disease.
• Symptoms: change in body function that is felt by a patient as a result of a disease.

Front 18

Septicemia vs. Bacteremia vs. Toxemia vs. Viremia

Back 18

• Septicemia: multiplication of bacteria in the blood; blood poisoning; systemic infection; causes of sepsis.
• Bacteremia: Bacteria in the blood.
• Toxemia: Toxins in the blood.
• Viremia: Viruses in the blood.

Front 19

What are the 3 Reservoirs?

Back 19

1. Humans
2. Animals
3. Non-living formites

Front 20

What are the 3 Transmission modes?

Back 20

1. Contact: Direct,Indirect, Droplet.
2. Vehicle: transmission via inanimate reservoir (food, water, air).
3. Vector: Mechanical/Biological transmission

Front 21

What is a predisposing factor?

Back 21

What makes the body more susceptible to disease.

Ex:

• Short urethra in females
• Inherited traits(sickle cell gene)
• Climate
• Fatigue
• Age
  

Front 22

What are Noscomial Infections?

Back 22

Are acquired as a result of a hospital stay from:

• Microorganisms in hospital environment
• Compromised/weakened status of host
• The chain of transmission in the hospital

Front 23

What is Epidemiology?

Back 23

The study of where and when diseases occur.

Front 24

What is Pathogenicity?

Back 24

The ability to cause disease

Front 25

What is virulence?

Back 25

Degree of pathogenicity

Front 26

5 types of virulence

Back 26

A. Presence of capsule biofillers which inhibit phagocytosis and limit antibiotic access

B. Mycolic acid and other cell wall proteins

C. Enzymes

D. Antigenic variations on surface

E. Exotoxins (botulism, enterococcus, diptheria)

Front 27

Define portals of entry

Back 27

A. Moroul membrane

B. Skin

C. Parental = portal of entry (when A+ or B get compromised)

Front 28

What is ID50?

Back 28

Number of bad bugs

Front 29

What is LD50?

Back 29

number of toxins

Front 30

What are siderospores?

Back 30

bacteria secrete protein called siderospores that bind to iron.

Front 31

What is adherences/adhesion?

Back 31

How pathogens attach via adhesions/ligands

A. Pili

B. Fimbrae

C. Flagella

Front 32

endotoxins vs exotoxins

Back 32

a

Front 33

What are Portals of exit

Back 33

Portals of entry and exit are generally the same

A. Moroul membranes

B. Skin

C. Parental = portal of entry (when A+ or B get compromised)