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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are Capsules? |
loose amorphous material surrounding cell k-type antigen polysaccharide , sometimes peptide homopolymers or heteropolymer very hydrated (95%) |
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What kind of stain do we use for a capsule or gin stain |
NEGATIVE stain India ink for the background, crystal violet for the cell |
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What is an endospore? |
dormant, tough, non reproductive structure produced by certain bacteria resistant to heat, radiation, acid, many chemicals thick protein coat of keratin form protective barriers |
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What color will endospores be? vegetative cells? spore mother cells? |
endospores - green vegetative and spore - pink |
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What is FTM made of? |
yeast extract, casein digest, glucose, semi solid |
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FTM reducing agent? |
crystine and thioglycollate |
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What do reducing agents do? |
O2 is removed during autoclaving but diffuses back into medium as tube cool -- O2 gradients are created |
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Resazurin |
indicator of O2 pink when O2 is present colorless when O2 is absent |
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obligate aerobic |
bacteria gather at the top of test tube |
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obligate anaerobic |
bacteria gather at bottom of test tube |
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facultative |
bacteria found mostly at the top but can be found all along the sides |
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microaerophiles |
bacteria gathers at the upper part of test tube but not top |
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Anaerobic jar? indicator? |
Jar - a chamber from which o2 is removed indicator - a strip of paper is stroked in methylene blue dye -- blue of present |
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Two ways cells conserve energy (ATP) |
respiration and fermentation |
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Fermentation |
absence of 02 makes less ATP end products: acid, neutral, gases |
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Respiration |
organic molecules are oxidized energy is generated from the electron transport chain final electron acceptor is always inorganic |
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What is the glucose test for? |
to determine if an organism is able to ferment glucose if so, acid will be produced |
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TheMethylRed and Voges-Proskauer(MR-VP) Tests |
used to differentiate enterics from other gram negative rods |
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MR test |
test for the production of mixed acids from glucose fermentation |
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what test is acetoin detected in? |
VP test |
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mixed acid fermentation - 3 acids formed |
acetic, lactic, succinic detected by methyl red test |
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butanediol fermentation |
smaller amounts of acid are formed neutral and gas are main products |
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MR test: positive and negative reaction |
positive: bright color red negative: yellow color |
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VP test: positive and negative reaction |
positive: red negative: no red color |
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what is catalase? |
an enzyme that detoxifies the cell by neutralizing hydrogen peroxide |
