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84 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Mannitol-Salt
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S. aureus ferments mannose turning indicator yellow. S. epi and S. saph remain pink
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gm+ cocci in clusters, gamma hemolysis, sensitive to novobiocin
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S. Epi
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Gm+ cocci in chains, beta hemolysis, bacitracin sensitive
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Strep Pyogenes
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gm- tetrads
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Neisseria sicca
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MIC
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Lowest concentration of the drug that inhibits growth of an organism. Measure effectiveness of an antimicrobial agent.
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How does bacterial growth in MIC appear
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turbid
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MIC pro's
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1. accurate
2. good for testing fastidious microbes |
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MIC con's
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labor-intensive
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What medium is used in Kirby-Bauer
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Mueller-Hinton
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What organisms is the rapid-test used for?
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B-lactamase-mediated resistance:
S. aureus, N. gonorrhea, H.influenza, enterococcus, certain anerobic |
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What does rapid-test detect?
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Presence of enzyme. No need for bacteria to grow
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catalase +
catalase - |
Staph +
Strep - |
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What causes beta hemolysis
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Strep have streptolysin S and O which digest RBC
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What causes alpha hemolysis
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Reduction of Hb
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What causes gamma hemolysis
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Can't break down RBC
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What bacteria appears green on BAP
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alpha hemolysis: pneumococcus, viridans, some enterococci and GDS
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What bacteria appears clear
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beta hemolysis: S. aureus/GAS/GBS
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non-hemolytic bacteria
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Coag - Staph
Some enterococci |
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What test differentiates GAS from other b-hemolytic Strep
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Bacitracin sensitive: GAS
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GDS/enterococci from other Strep
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Bile Esculin Hydrolysis.
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PYR
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PYR+ (pink): enterococci, GAS
PYR -: GDS (used to distinguish enterococci from GDS) |
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Optochin
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sensitive: s.pneumonia
resistant: viridans strep |
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Latex Agglutination Rapid Test
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+ Lancefield Ag
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Latex Agglutination
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+ S. aureus (fibrinogen binds to coagulase and protein A)
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Novobiocin
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S. epi sensitive
S. saprophyticus resistant |
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What type of medium is used for Novobiocin sensitivity
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Mueller Hinton
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grow in chains or as diplococci
catalase - |
Strep
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Beta hemolytic
bacitracin sensitive PYR+ |
GAS
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Acute pharyngitis with rheumatic fever and glomerulonephritis
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GAS
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B-hemolysis
bacitracin resistant camp+ hippurate hydrolysis |
GBS (S. agalactiae)
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Neonatal bacteremia, meningitis, pneumonia, endocarditis, arthritis, osteomyelitis
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GBS
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alpha hemolysis
optochin sensitive bile soluble |
pneumococcus
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Lobar pneumonia, endocarditis, pericarditis, meningitis, arthritis, mastoiditis, eye infecitons
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pneumococcus
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alpha-hemolytic
optochin resistant |
Viridans
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subacute bacterial endocarditis
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viridans
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brain and liver abscess
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viridans strep
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PYR-
esculin hydrolysis+ 6.5% salt intolerant starch hydrolysis+ |
S. bovis (GDS)
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endocarditis, UTI, abdominal abscesses, soft tissue infection
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S.bovis (GDS)
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PYR+
Esculin hydrolysis+ 6.5% salt tolerant starch hydrolysis- |
E.faecalis, E.faecium (Grp D enterococci)
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Endocarditis, UTI, abdominal abscesses, soft tissue infection. VERY resistant to antibiotics
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Grp D enterococci
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coag+
mannitol+ non or betal hemolysis |
S. aureus
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Scaled skin syndrome
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S. aureus
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Coag-
mannitol- novobiocin sensitive |
S.epi
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bacteremia or endocarditis b/c of catheters
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S. epi
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Coag-, mannitol-, novobiocin resistant
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S.saprophyticus
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#2 cause of UTIs in young women (after E.coli)
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S.saprophyticus
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Differential for acute pharyngitis
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GAS, Group C and G strep, diptheria, Nisseria
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Acid fast organisms
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Mycobacteria, Nocardia (partially)
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Why are some bacteria acid-fast
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resistance to decolorization during staining b/c of high lipid cell-walls
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What stains the walls of acid fast organisms
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stain with carbol-fuchsin, counterstain with methylene blue
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TB-like disease with GI symptoms
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Mycobacterium avium intracellular
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weakly gm positive, acid-fast beaded branching thin filaments
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Nocardia (often confused with myobacteria)
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club shaped rods, weakly gm+ and acid fast
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Cornybacterium
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chinese lettering
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cornybacterium
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pseudomembrane
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cornybacterium
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Club shaped rods, weakly gm- and acid-fast
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cornybacterium
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Loeffler's
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cornybacterium
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Potassium tellurite agar
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cornybacterium
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chinese letters
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cornybacterium
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pseudomembrane
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diptheria caused by cornybacterium
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Tx of diptheria
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antitoxin and penicllin or erythromycin
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selective agents in MacConkey Agar
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crystal violet and bile salts suppres gm+ growth
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differential agent in MacConkey Agar
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Lactose. Commensals ferment lactose and will appear pink
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API20E
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IDs enterobacteraciae
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What does Campy-BAC contain?
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Blood and antibiotics. Isolates campylobacter at 42 degress
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Oxidase+
Oxidase- |
+ Non-enteric Rods: Vibrio, Pseudomonas, C.jejuni, Neisseria, moraxella
- enterics |
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Gm- rod, Lac -, diarrhea, vomitting
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Salmonella
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comma shaped
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Campylobacter jejuni
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nause, cramps, bloody diarrhea.
Stains red with carbolfuschin oxidase+ |
C.jejuni
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Chocolate agar
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Neisseria
Haemophilus |
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MacConkey agar
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Enterics
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Lowenstein Jensen medium
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis
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Thayer-Martin
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Neisseria
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Regan-Lowe
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Bordella pertusis
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Carbohydrate Utilization Test
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differentiate Neisseria species
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metabolizes glucose (tube turns yellow)
metabolizes glu and maltose no metabolism |
N. gonorrhea
N. meningitidis Moraxella |
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requres X factor (hemin) and V (NAD)
requires V only |
XV - H.influenza
V - H. parainfluenza |
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Trypticase Soy Agar
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Sugar utilization tests (differentiate Neisseria species)
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gm- intracellular diploccoci
ferments glucose grows on thayer-martin oxidase+ |
N. gonorrhoeae
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Gm- intracellular diploccoci
ferments glucose and maltose |
N.meningitidis
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grows on normal BAP, oxidase+, Dnase+, beta-lactamase+ does not utilize sugars
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Moraxella
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gm- coccobacilli
requires XV or chocolate agar latex agglutination for ag |
H.influenza
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MCC of meningitis in kids 6mo-2yrs
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H.influenza (gm-)
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India ink
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Encapsulated yeast will appear clear
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