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68 Cards in this Set
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- Back
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Agar slants |
Agar slant are inoculated by a stab in streak method to allow aerobic growth at the top of anaerobic growth at the bottom of the tube (the butt) |
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Lysine iron agar (LIA) |
Differential media – separates gram-negative – decarboxylate or deaminates the amino acid lysine |
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Contents of lysine iron agar |
Lysine – an essential amino acid Sodium thiosulfate 0.1% glucose |
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Sodium thiosulfate |
Source of reducible sulfur – reduced to hydrogen sulfide in the absence of oxygen – ferric ions react with H2 S to form a black precipitate in the butt |
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Acid production from glucose fermentation induces production of decarboxylase enzyme |
Acidic pH turns medium yellow but subsequent decarboxylation of lysine alkalinizes agar and turns it purple |
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Bromcresol purple |
PH indicator purple =acidic \ pH 6.8 Yellow= acidic/ ph < 5.2 |
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Ferric ammonia citrate |
Sulfur reduction indicator – produces a red color if lysine Deamination occurs Deamination requires presence of oxygen |
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Purple slant/ purple butt |
Lysine deaminase negative – lysine decarboxylase positive K/K |
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Purple slant/yellow butt |
Lysine deaminase negative – lysine decarboxylase negative; glucose fermentation K/A |
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Red slant/yellow butt |
Lysine deaminase positive – lysine decarboxylase negative; glucose fermentation R/A |
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Red slant/yellow butt |
Lysine deaminase positive – lysine decarboxylase negative; glucose fermentation R/A |
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Black precipitate |
Sulfur reduction H2 S |
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Enterobacteriaceae |
Differentiates between salmonella in Shigella – only Salmonella is in H2S producer (black precipitate) |
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Urea agar |
Only a differential media – identifies organisms that can metabolize urea Urea is a product of decarboxylation of certain amino acids |
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Urease |
An enzyme that hydrolyzes urea to ammonia and carbon dioxide -urease positive organisms color the entire slant pink within 24 hours |
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Proteus, Morganella and providencia |
Considered rapid urease-positive organisms (other enterics can metabolize urea but not rapidly) |
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Ammonia |
A weak base - acts as a proton acceptor |
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Phenol red |
PH indicator which is pink and basic conditions |
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RapID one panel |
A cost-effective manual identification system 18 test results obtained at the same time in the same identification system |
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What is aerobic |
Organisms that require oxygen to thrive |
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What is super oxide dismutase (SOD) |
In enzyme produced by aerobic bacteria to deal with the more toxic super oxide radical O2- 2O2- + 2H* ->SOD-> H2O2 +O2 |
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Aerotolerant organisms |
-Can survive in the presence of oxygen but are anaerobic because they do not use it as a terminal electron acceptor -are fermentative even in presence of free oxygen |
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Facultative anaerobes |
Cangro with or without oxygen |
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Microaerophiles |
Require low levels of oxygen to survive -are poisoned by high concentrations of oxygen |
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Superoxide dismutase SOD enzyme and catalase enzyme |
Released by bacteria that possesses and ETC -capable of breaking down the super oxide radical (O2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) respectively |
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Catalase test |
Differentiates aerobic and anaerobic respiration, specifically whether or not there is an ETC (electron transport chain) |
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Electron transport chain |
Composed of molecules capable of accepting and donating electrons; these molecules alternate between the oxidized and reduced forms, passing electrons down the chain to the final electron acceptor which is oxygen |
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Electron transport chain |
Composed of molecules capable of accepting in donating electrons; these molecules alternate between the oxidized and reduced forms, passing electrons down the chain to the final electron acceptor which is oxygen |
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Flavoprotein |
Is an electron transport chain carrier molecule that can pass electrons directly to oxygen, creating two highly potent cellular toxins; hydrogen peroxide and super oxide radical |
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What is the catalase |
An enzyme produced by aerobes, microaerophilic, and facultative anaerobes to deal with toxic hydrogen peroxide 2 H2O2 ->catalase -> 2H2O+O2 |
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Catalase test |
Add hydrogen peroxide check for bubbles; means oxygen is produced because catalase worked upon the hydrogen peroxide |
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Coagulase test |
Differentiates bacteria based upon their ability to produce coagulase enzyme; an enzyme produced by some bacteria which reacts with Prothrobin in the blood |
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What are the two forms of coagulase |
Bound coagulase and free coagulase |
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Coagulase test |
Differentiates bacteria based upon their ability to produce coagulase enzyme; an enzyme produced by some bacteria which reacts with Prothrobin in the blood |
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What are the two forms of coagulase |
Bound coagulase and free coagulase |
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Bound coagulase aka clumping factor |
Stays bound to the bacterial cell wall; causes cells to clump together because it reacts directly with the fibrinogen in plasma; can be detected by carrying out a slide coagulase test |
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Free coagulase |
In extracellular enzyme released by the bacteria; reacts with a plasma component(coagulase reacting factor) Causes clotting or clumping Can be detected using a two coagulase test |
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Slide test for bound coagulase |
Agglutination is indicative of presence of bound coagulase |
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Urine streak |
A semi quantitative CFU counting method utilizing a volumetric loop (either .001ml or .01ml) |
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Specialize streak method is used to obtain countable colonies on a blood agar plate |
OCD; original cell density is determined and reported in CFU/ml |
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In the catalyst to switch to enzymes are associated with it |
Flavoprotein- produces hydrogen peroxide and super oxide radical Superoxide dismutase-catalyzes conversion of superoxide radicals to hydrogen peroxide and |
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MacConkey agar |
Both selective and differential/selects for gram-negative suppresses gram-positive Differentiates between electives for mentors and non-lactose fermenters Neutral red dye is a pH indicator which turns red when acidic and is colorless when basic |
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Lactose fermenters are what color |
Grow pink/red Non-lactose fermenters is colorless |
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Eosin methylene blue agar |
Both selective and differential/selects for gram-negative/differentiates between vigorous lactose fermenters, moderate lactose fermenters, and non-lactose fermenters EOsin Y and methylene blue also produce a dark purple complex with green metallic sheen under acidic conditions |
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Vigorous lactose fermenters what color is it |
Grow dark purple with green metallic sheen |
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Slow lactose fermenters what color is it |
Grow pink colonies |
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Hektoen enteric SS agar |
Both selective and differential/selects for gram-negative/differentiate among Enterics; isolates those that can reduce sulfur to hydrogen sulfide gas |
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What color does H2S producers grow |
Grow black coneys or Bluegreen colonies with a black center Lactose fermenters with no H2S production grow yellow to salmon pink colonies |
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E. coli |
Lactose fermenter no H2 S production |
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E. coli |
Lactose fermenter no H2 S production |
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Shigella |
Non-lactose fermenters no H2 S production |
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Salmonella |
Non-lactose fermenters yes H2 S production |
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enterobacter |
Lactose fermenter no H2 S production |
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enterobacter |
Lactose fermenter no H2 S production |
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Staphylococcus aureus |
Gram-positive Won't grow |
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Klebsiella pneumoniae |
Lactose fermenter no H2S production |
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Proteus vulgaris |
Non-lactose fermenter yes to H2 S production |
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Purple slant/purple butt k/k |
Lysine deaminase negative; lysine decarboxylase positive |
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Purple slant/purple butt k/k |
Lysine deaminase negative; lysine decarboxylase positive |
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Purple slant/yellow butt K/A |
Lysine deaminase negative; lysine decarboxylase negative; glucose fermentation |
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Read slant/yellow butt R/A |
Lysine deaminase positive; lysine decarboxylase negative; glucose fermentation |
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Black precipitate |
Sulfur reduction H2 S |
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Mannitol salt agar |
Both selective and differential; selects for gram-positive staphylococci Differentiates between pathogenic staphylococci and nonpathogenic staphylococci |
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Mannitol |
Sugar substrate for fermentation pathogenic staff can ferment mannitol PH indicator; turns yellow when acidic and red when neutral |
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Blood agar |
Only differential media; differentiate among streptococcus numbers by their hemolytic ability Alpha Beta Gamma |
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Alpha hemolysis |
Partial destruction of red blood cells; green halo |
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Beta hemolysis |
Full distraction of red blood cells; clear halo |
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Bacitracin susceptibility and resistance |
Only differential media; differentiates between resistant staphylococcus insusceptible micrococcus |
